Intrathecal pain pumps in pain relief.

Chronic pain is a significant global health issue, described as a bio-psychosocial phenomenon that hampers the integration of body, mind, and social functions. To relieve chronic intractable pain, intrathecal drug-delivery devices (IDDDs) are the last resort after conventional treatment options have been exhausted. This article outlines the indications, pharmacological agents, types, techniques, preparation of the patient, and complications of IDDDs for the management of challenging chronic pain (non-neoplastic and cancer-related pain) conditions in patients who have not responded well to a commonly used conventional line of treatment.