El-Hennamy Rehab Essam El-Din, Mahmoud Sahar Mohamed, El-Yamany Nabil Ahmed, Hassanein Hanaa Hassan, Amer Mohamed Elsayed, Mohamed Aly Fahmy
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2023 Jan;12(1):32-46. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.1.32. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
The present study aimed to compare the immune-enhancing potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to Alum against rabies vaccine and the related immunological, physiological, and histopathological effects.
Alum and AuNPs sole and in combination with rabies vaccine were used at 0.35 mg/mL and 40 nM/mL, respectively. Rats used were categorized into six groups (20/each): control rats, rabies vaccine, aluminum phosphate gel, rabies vaccine adsorbed to Alum, AuNPs, and rabies vaccine adjuvant AuNPs.
Liver and kidney functions were in the normal range after AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine compared to control. Interleukin-6 and interferon-γ levels were significantly increased in groups immunized with Alum and AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine, the peak level was in the case of AuNP adjuvanted vaccine on the 14th day. Ninety days post-vaccination, total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against adjuvanted rabies vaccine showed a significantly elevated anti-rabies IgG with AuNPs and Alum adsorbed vaccine compared with unadjuvanted one. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased post-adjuvanted AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine vaccination than in Alum adsorbed vaccine, while MDA was significantly decreased. The histopathological examination revealed detectable alterations post-AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine immunization compared with liver and kidney profiles post-administration of unadjuvanted and non-immunized groups, meanwhile, splenic tissue revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles indicating increased immune reactivity.
The AuNPs are promising enhancers of the immune response as Alum, and the undesirable effects of AuNPs could be managed by using suitable sizes, shapes, and concentrations.
本研究旨在比较金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）与明矾对狂犬病疫苗的免疫增强潜力以及相关的免疫、生理和组织病理学效应。
分别以0.35mg/mL和40nM/mL的浓度使用明矾和AuNPs单独以及与狂犬病疫苗联合使用。所用大鼠分为六组（每组20只）：对照大鼠、狂犬病疫苗组、磷酸铝凝胶组、吸附于明矾的狂犬病疫苗组、AuNPs组以及狂犬病疫苗佐剂AuNPs组。
与对照组相比，AuNPs和明矾佐剂疫苗接种后肝肾功能在正常范围内。用明矾和AuNPs佐剂疫苗免疫的组中白细胞介素-6和干扰素-γ水平显著升高，在AuNP佐剂疫苗组中第14天达到峰值水平。接种疫苗90天后，与未佐剂疫苗相比，针对佐剂狂犬病疫苗的总免疫球蛋白G（IgG）显示，AuNPs和明矾吸附疫苗的抗狂犬病IgG显著升高。佐剂AuNPs疫苗接种后总抗氧化能力、丙二醛（MDA）水平、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性比明矾吸附疫苗显著增加，而MDA显著降低。组织病理学检查显示，与未佐剂和未免疫组给药后的肝脏和肾脏情况相比，AuNPs和明矾佐剂疫苗免疫后有可检测到的改变，同时，脾脏组织显示淋巴滤泡增生，表明免疫反应性增加。
AuNPs与明矾一样是有前景的免疫反应增强剂，通过使用合适的尺寸、形状和浓度可以控制AuNPs的不良影响。
