Ringwald Whitney R, Hallquist Michael N, Dombrovski Alexandre Y, Wright Aidan G C
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Clin Psychol Sci. 2023 Jan;11(1):106-120. doi: 10.1177/21677026221083859. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
Humans adapt to a dynamic environment while maintaining psychological equilibrium. Systems theories of personality hold that generalized processes control stability by regulating how strongly a person reacts to various situations. Research shows there are higher-order traits of general personality function (Stability) and dysfunction (general personality pathology; GPP), but whether or not they capture individual differences in reactivity is largely theoretical. We tested this hypothesis by examining how general personality functioning manifests in everyday life in two samples (s=205; 342 participants and 24,920; 17,761 observations) that completed an ambulatory assessment protocol. Consistent with systems theories, we found (1) there is a general factor reflecting reactivity across major domains of functioning, and (2) reactivity is strongly associated with Stability and GPP. Results provide insight into how people fundamentally adapt (or not) to their environments, and lays the foundation for more practical, empirical models of human functioning.
人类在维持心理平衡的同时适应动态环境。人格系统理论认为，广义过程通过调节个体对各种情况的反应强度来控制稳定性。研究表明，存在一般人格功能（稳定性）和功能障碍（一般人格病理学；GPP）的高阶特质，但它们是否能捕捉反应性的个体差异在很大程度上只是理论上的。我们通过在两个样本（样本量分别为205名参与者、342人以及24920次、17761次观察）中检验一般人格功能在日常生活中的表现方式来验证这一假设，这两个样本均完成了一项动态评估方案。与系统理论一致，我们发现：（1）存在一个反映跨主要功能领域反应性的一般因素；（2）反应性与稳定性和GPP密切相关。研究结果为人们如何从根本上适应（或不适应）环境提供了见解，并为更实用的人类功能实证模型奠定了基础。
