Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
Foundation for Actions and Innovations Towards Health Promotion, Kolkata, India.
Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;11:1094960. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1094960. eCollection 2023.
Adolescence is a distinctive period of life when intense physical, psychological, and cognitive development occurs. A healthy diet helps prevent various forms of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. The current study aimed to assess the change in behavioral intentions (measured based on the TPB) toward healthy dietary practices through health promotion intervention among adolescents studying in selected schools in an urban area of West Bengal, India.
The current study was a non-randomized controlled interventional study conducted among adolescents in either seventh, eighth, ninth, or tenth grades and aged between 12 and 16 years. Two-step cluster analysis with maximum likelihood estimation identified the intenders of a healthy diet. The intervention effect was measured using Relative Risk (RR) for being in the higher intention cluster through Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with a log-linear link under Poisson distribution assumptions and robust standard errors. A value of 0.05 or lesser was considered statistically significant.
There was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of "Attitude" in both groups. The mean score of "Subjective Norm" among the intervention group increased after intervention, and the difference was statistically significant. The mean score of "Perceived behavioral control" in the intervention group increased after the intervention, but the difference was statistically not significant. The intervention group's post-intervention proportion of intenders increased, and the difference was statistically significant. The relative risk of becoming an intender for healthy diet consumption in the Intervention group compared to the Control group was 2.07 (1.44-2.97).
The intervention package effectively brought about a positive change in behavioral intention toward healthy dietary practices among adolescents. Model-based and construct-oriented intervention packages can be adopted in school-setting to promote behavioral intention toward a healthy diet.
青春期是一个独特的人生阶段，在此期间会发生剧烈的身体、心理和认知发展。健康的饮食有助于预防各种形式的营养不良和非传染性疾病（NCDs），如糖尿病、心脏病、中风和癌症。本研究旨在评估通过在印度西孟加拉邦一个城市地区的选定学校对青少年进行健康促进干预，他们对健康饮食行为的行为意向（基于 TPB 测量）是否发生变化。
本研究是一项非随机对照干预研究，对象为 12 至 16 岁、正在上 7 至 10 年级的青少年。两步聚类分析采用最大似然估计确定健康饮食的意向者。使用广义线性模型（GLM）下泊松分布假设和稳健标准误差的对数线性链接，通过相对风险（RR）衡量干预效果，计算处于更高意向集群的概率。P 值小于或等于 0.05 时被认为具有统计学意义。
两组之间“态度”的平均分没有统计学差异。干预组的“主观规范”平均分在干预后增加，差异具有统计学意义。干预组的“感知行为控制”平均分在干预后增加，但差异无统计学意义。干预组意向者的比例在干预后增加，差异具有统计学意义。与对照组相比，干预组健康饮食消费的意向者的相对风险增加了 2.07（1.44-2.97）。
干预方案有效地改变了青少年对健康饮食行为的行为意向。基于模型和面向结构的干预方案可以在学校环境中采用，以促进健康饮食行为的意向。
