Pourghazi Farzad, Eslami Maysa, Ehsani Amir, Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat, Qorbani Mostafa
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Front Nutr. 2022 Oct 18;9:1004953. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1004953. eCollection 2022.
The COVID19 pandemic has affected all aspects of people's lives. Eating habit plays a crucial role in children and adolescents' physical and mental development and the impacts might last until adulthood. This systematic review aimed to summarize a comprehensive and updated overview of eating habits changes due to COVID19 confinements among children and adolescents. A systematic literature search was performed in three databases for all the English studies published from the start of the confinements until April 2022. Two researchers screened articles independently and included observational studies which evaluated children's and adolescents' eating habits before and during confinements. The quality of the included studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment checklists for cross-sectional and cohort studies. Among 2,436 studies, 39 final full-text articles were included. The total participants of this systematic review consist of 157,900 children and adolescents. Seven categories were identified: daily eating patterns, junk food, beverage, fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy, protein-rich foods, and legumes and cereals. In summary, most of the included studies reported a significant increase in consumption of home-cooked meals, amount of food, snack, french fries, sweets, fruits, vegetables, legumes, bread, and bakery products. On the other hand, studies demonstrated significantly lower intake of fast food and soft drink. The studies reported controversial results about breakfast consumption, sugar-added drinks, caffeinated drinks, milk and dairy products, protein-rich foods (including meat, fish, egg and chicken, and poultry), rice, and cereal. Changes in children's and adolescents' eating habits during the COVID-19 era were both positive and negative, for example, a decrease in fast food, fruit, and vegetable consumption vs. an increase in snacking and sweet consumption. Both changes have significant short-term and long-term impacts on population health. This study could provide us with insight into the changes in eating habits in children and adolescents in the COVID-19 era which we can use to limit the negative consequences on health.
新冠疫情影响了人们生活的方方面面。饮食习惯对儿童和青少年的身心健康发展起着至关重要的作用，且这些影响可能会持续到成年期。本系统综述旨在全面、更新地总结新冠疫情居家隔离期间儿童和青少年饮食习惯的变化情况。在三个数据库中对从隔离开始至2022年4月发表的所有英文研究进行了系统的文献检索。两名研究人员独立筛选文章，并纳入了评估儿童和青少年隔离前及隔离期间饮食习惯的观察性研究。纳入研究的质量通过纽卡斯尔-渥太华横断面和队列研究质量评估清单进行评估。在2436项研究中，最终纳入了39篇全文文章。本系统综述的总参与者包括157,900名儿童和青少年。确定了七个类别：日常饮食模式、垃圾食品、饮料、水果和蔬菜、牛奶及奶制品、富含蛋白质的食物、豆类和谷物。总之，大多数纳入研究报告称，家庭烹饪餐食、食物量、零食、薯条、糖果、水果、蔬菜、豆类、面包和烘焙食品的消费量显著增加。另一方面，研究表明快餐和软饮料的摄入量显著降低。这些研究报告了关于早餐消费、添加糖饮料、含咖啡因饮料、牛奶及奶制品、富含蛋白质的食物（包括肉、鱼、蛋、鸡肉和家禽）、大米和谷物的有争议结果。新冠疫情期间儿童和青少年饮食习惯的变化既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，例如，快餐、水果和蔬菜消费量的减少与零食和甜食消费量的增加。这两种变化对人群健康都有重大的短期和长期影响。本研究可以让我们深入了解新冠疫情期间儿童和青少年饮食习惯的变化，我们可以利用这些信息来限制对健康的负面影响。
