Kosugi Akito, Saga Yosuke, Kudo Moeko, Koizumi Masashi, Umeda Tatsuya, Seki Kazuhiko
Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Front Neurol. 2023 Feb 9;14:1094774. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1094774. eCollection 2023.
A major challenge in human stroke research is interpatient variability in the extent of sensorimotor deficits and determining the time course of recovery following stroke. Although the relationship between the extent of the lesion and the degree of sensorimotor deficits is well established, the factors determining the speed of recovery remain uncertain. To test these experimentally, we created a cortical lesion over the motor cortex using a reproducible approach in four common marmosets, and characterized the time course of recovery by systematically applying several behavioral tests before and up to 8 weeks after creation of the lesion. Evaluation of in-cage behavior and reach-to-grasp movement revealed consistent motor impairments across the animals. In particular, performance in reaching and grasping movements continued to deteriorate until 4 weeks after creation of the lesion. We also found consistent time courses of recovery across animals for in-cage and grasping movements. For example, in all animals, the score for in-cage behaviors showed full recovery at 3 weeks after creation of the lesion, and the performance of grasping movement partially recovered from 4 to 8 weeks. In addition, we observed longer time courses of recovery for reaching movement, which may rely more on cortically initiated control in this species. These results suggest that different recovery speeds for each movement could be influenced by what extent the cortical control is required to properly execute each movement.
人类中风研究中的一个主要挑战是患者间感觉运动功能缺损程度的差异以及确定中风后恢复的时间进程。尽管病灶范围与感觉运动功能缺损程度之间的关系已得到充分证实，但决定恢复速度的因素仍不明确。为了通过实验来测试这些因素，我们在四只普通狨猴身上采用可重复的方法在运动皮层上制造了一个皮质损伤，并通过在损伤形成前及损伤形成后长达8周的时间内系统地应用多种行为测试来描述恢复的时间进程。对笼内行为和抓握动作的评估显示，所有动物都存在一致的运动障碍。特别是，抓握动作的表现直到损伤形成后4周仍持续恶化。我们还发现，所有动物的笼内行为和抓握动作的恢复时间进程是一致的。例如，在所有动物中，笼内行为评分在损伤形成后3周显示完全恢复，抓握动作的表现从4周开始到8周部分恢复。此外，我们观察到抓握动作的恢复时间进程更长，这可能在该物种中更多地依赖皮层启动的控制。这些结果表明，每种动作不同的恢复速度可能受正确执行每种动作所需皮层控制程度的影响。
