Conway Iii Lucian Gideon, Zubrod Alivia, Chan Linus, McFarland James D, Van de Vliert Evert
Department of Psychology, Social Work and Sociology, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, United States.
Department of Psychology and Sociology, Park University, Parkville, MO, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 8;13:1041391. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041391. eCollection 2022.
Is left-wing authoritarianism (LWA) closer to a myth or a reality? Twelve studies test the empirical existence and theoretical relevance of LWA. Study 1 reveals that both conservative liberal Americans identify a large number of left-wing authoritarians in their lives. In Study 2, participants explicitly rate items from a recently-developed LWA measure as valid measurements of authoritarianism. Studies 3-11 show that persons who score high on this same LWA scale possess the traits associated with models of authoritarianism: LWA is positively related to threat sensitivity across multiple areas, including general ecological threats (Study 3), COVID disease threat (Study 4), Belief in a Dangerous World (Study 5), and Trump threat (Study 6). Further, high-LWA persons show more support for restrictive political correctness norms (Study 7), rate African-Americans and Jews more negatively (Studies 8-9), and show more cognitive rigidity (Studies 10 and 11). These effects hold when controlling for political ideology and when looking only within liberals, and further are similar in magnitude to comparable effects for right-wing authoritarianism. Study 12 uses the World Values Survey to provide cross-cultural evidence of Left-Wing Authoritarianism around the globe. Taken in total, this large array of triangulating evidence from 12 studies comprised of over 8,000 participants from the U.S. and over 66,000 participants world-wide strongly suggests that left-wing authoritarianism is much closer to a reality than a myth.
左翼威权主义（LWA）更接近一种神话还是现实？十二项研究检验了LWA的实证存在和理论相关性。研究1表明，保守派和自由派美国人在生活中都能识别出大量的左翼威权主义者。在研究2中，参与者明确将最近开发的LWA量表中的项目评为威权主义的有效测量指标。研究3至11表明，在同一LWA量表上得分高的人具有与威权主义模型相关的特征：LWA与多个领域的威胁敏感性呈正相关，包括一般生态威胁（研究3）、新冠疾病威胁（研究4）、对危险世界的信念（研究5）和特朗普威胁（研究6）。此外，高LWA者对限制性政治正确性规范表现出更多支持（研究7），对非裔美国人和犹太人的评价更负面（研究8至9），并且表现出更强的认知僵化（研究10和11）。在控制政治意识形态时以及仅在自由派内部观察时，这些效应依然成立，而且其程度与右翼威权主义的类似效应相似。研究12利用世界价值观调查提供了全球范围内左翼威权主义的跨文化证据。总体而言，这一系列来自12项研究的三角互证证据，涉及美国的8000多名参与者和全球66000多名参与者，有力地表明左翼威权主义更接近现实而非神话。
