Alshammari Saad, AlMasoudi Abdulrazaq S, AlBuhayri Aeshah H, AlAtwi Hind M, AlHwiti Shemah S, Alaidi Hind M, Alshehri Abdullah M, Alanazi Nouf A, Aljabri Ahmed, Al-Gayyar Mohammed M
PharmD Program, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU.
Nursing, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Feb 23;15(2):e35390. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35390. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Background The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) was spread all over the world, while diabetes mellitus (DM) remains the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on glycemic control, insulin resistance (IR), and pH in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with type 2 DM who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the central hospitals of the Tabuk region. Patient data were collected from September 2021 to August 2022. Four non-insulin-based insulin resistance indexes were calculated for patients: the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) index, the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio, and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). Results Patients showed increased serum fasting glucose and blood HbA1c associated with a high TyG index, TyG-BMI index, TG/HDL ratio, and METS-IR as compared with results before COVID-19. Moreover, during COVID-19, patients revealed a reduction in pH, associated with a reduction in cBase and bicarbonate, and an elevation in PaCO as compared with their results before COVID-19. After complete remission, all patients' results turn back to their level before COVID-19. Conclusions Patients with type 2 DM who catch the COVID-19 infection suffer from dysregulation of glycemic control and elevated insulin resistance associated with a significant reduction in their pH.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在全球蔓延，而糖尿病（DM）仍是全球最普遍的慢性病。目的：本研究旨在调查COVID-19对老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制、胰岛素抵抗（IR）和pH值的影响。方法：对塔布克地区中心医院确诊感染COVID-19的2型糖尿病患者进行回顾性研究。收集2021年9月至2022年8月的患者数据。为患者计算了四个非胰岛素基胰岛素抵抗指数：甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数、甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数（TyG-BMI）指数、甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（TG/HDL）比值以及胰岛素抵抗代谢评分（METS-IR）。结果：与COVID-19之前的结果相比，患者血清空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白升高，同时TyG指数、TyG-BMI指数、TG/HDL比值和METS-IR也升高。此外，在感染COVID-19期间，患者的pH值降低，同时碱剩余和碳酸氢盐减少，动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO）升高，与COVID-19之前的结果相比。完全缓解后，所有患者的结果恢复到COVID-19之前的水平。结论：感染COVID-19的2型糖尿病患者存在血糖控制失调和胰岛素抵抗升高，同时pH值显著降低。
