Kermelita Deri, Hadi Upik Kesumawati, Soviana Susi, Tiuria Risa, Supriyono Supriyono
Parasitology and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Animal Biomedicine Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2024 Sep;17(9):2115-2123. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2115-2123. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a vector-borne disease in various regions of Indonesia. The transmission dynamics within a locality are intricately linked to the presence of the pathogen (microfilaria), definitive host (humans), intermediate host (mosquitoes), reservoir, and environmental factors. The geographic landscape of Central Bengkulu Regency, which is characterized by plantations, marshlands, and forests, serves as a suitable habitat for mosquitoes. Understanding species diversity, vector behaviors, habitat characteristics, and microfilarial presence is crucial for devising effective and efficient control strategies. This study aimed to identify species diversity, assess biting patterns, characterize larval habitats, and detect microfilarial presence in mosquitoes.
Mosquito collection was conducted using human landing collection (HLC) and resting collection indoors and outdoors for 6 months at a frequency of twice monthly from November 2022 to May 2023. The larvae were collected using dippers and pipettes. Adult mosquitoes and larvae were identified at the species level and analyzed using diversity indices. The measured larval bioecological parameters included physical, chemical, and biological conditions. The mosquito density obtained through HLC was calculated using the man-hour density (MHD) and man-biting rate (MBR) formulas. The presence of microfilaria was confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction.
A total of 808 adult mosquitoes from five genera and 18 species were captured, along with 485 larvae from four genera and eight species. The mosquito diversity was moderate. The dominant adult species included (44.8%), whereas (25.4%) and (22.3%) were abundant larvae. The highest larval density was observed in natural ponds. The average MBR was three mosquitoes per person per night, with fluctuating nightly activity (mean MHD of 1.8 mosquitoes per person per hour). Larval habitats had temperatures of 25.4°C-28.7°C, illumination of 224-674 lx, and pH of 7.1-7.9, with over half being turbid and nearly two-thirds lacking predators. Microfilariae were not detected in the tested mosquitoes.
The presence of mosquitoes, their habitat, and the high density of contributes to the transmission of LF in Central Bengkulu Regency, Indonesia.
淋巴丝虫病（LF）是印度尼西亚多个地区的一种媒介传播疾病。当地的传播动态与病原体（微丝蚴）、终宿主（人类）、中间宿主（蚊子）、储存宿主以及环境因素密切相关。明古鲁省中部的地理景观以种植园、沼泽地和森林为特征，是蚊子的适宜栖息地。了解物种多样性、媒介行为、栖息地特征以及微丝蚴的存在对于制定有效且高效的控制策略至关重要。本研究旨在识别物种多样性、评估叮咬模式、描述幼虫栖息地特征以及检测蚊子体内微丝蚴的存在情况。
从2022年11月至2023年5月，采用人饵诱捕法（HLC）以及在室内外进行栖息采集，每月两次，持续6个月来收集蚊子。使用水勺和移液管收集幼虫。将成年蚊子和幼虫鉴定到物种水平，并使用多样性指数进行分析。所测量的幼虫生物生态学参数包括物理、化学和生物条件。通过HLC获得的蚊子密度使用人工小时密度（MHD）和人叮咬率（MBR）公式进行计算。使用聚合酶链反应确认微丝蚴的存在。
共捕获了来自5个属18个物种的808只成年蚊子，以及来自4个属8个物种的485只幼虫。蚊子多样性为中等水平。优势成年物种包括（44.8%），而（25.4%）和（22.3%）是数量较多的幼虫。在天然池塘中观察到最高的幼虫密度。平均MBR为每人每晚3只蚊子，夜间活动有波动（平均MHD为每人每小时1.8只蚊子）。幼虫栖息地的温度为25.4°C - 28.7°C，光照为224 - 674勒克斯，pH值为7.1 - 7.9，超过一半的栖息地浑浊，近三分之二没有捕食者。在所检测的蚊子中未发现微丝蚴。
蚊子的存在、其栖息地以及的高密度促成了印度尼西亚明古鲁省中部淋巴丝虫病的传播。
