Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 27;18(2):e0282264. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282264. eCollection 2023.
Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout.
To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, risk perception, and attitude toward interprofessional teamwork among Egyptian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey which consisted of five sections. The primary outcomes were anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), risk perception towards COVID-19, interprofessional teamwork attitude, and coping strategies during the Coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. The web-based questionnaire was distributed to Egyptian healthcare workers from the 20th of April 2020 to the 20th of May 2020. A snowball sampling method was used. Regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics and the previously mentioned outcomes.
A total of 403 participants responded to the online questionnaire. The majority were females (70.5%) and within the age group of 26-40 years (77.7%), with 2-5 years of work experience (43.2%). Most participants were pharmacists (33%) and physicians (22.1%). Eighty-two participants (21%) reported moderate to severe anxiety, and 79 participants reported (19.4%) moderate to severe depressive symptoms. In the univariate model, the marital status was associated with depression (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.78), anxiety (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32-0.85), and an attitude toward interprofessional teamwork (β = -1.96 95% CI -2.72 to -1.2). Providing direct care to the patients was associated with lower anxiety symptoms (AOR 0.256, 95% CI 0.094-0.697). More severe anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with difficulties in everyday life and the professional work environment (AOR 4.246 and 3.3, P = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). Availability of mental health facilities at the workplace was associated with a lower risk perception towards COVID-19 (β = -0.79, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.34) and a more positive attitude towards teamwork (β = 2.77 95% CI 1.38-4.15).
According to our results, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild anxiety and depression among healthcare workers in Egypt, especially pharmacists and physicians. We recommend more research targeting the mental health of healthcare workers in Egypt. If proven cost-effective and needed, wide-scale mental health screening and public health campaigns can facilitate effective prevention and treatment strategies. In addition, the availability of mental health facilities at the workplace could alleviate some of the risk perception associated with health emergencies and improve interprofessional teamwork.
2019 年 12 月出现了新型冠状病毒病-19。在大流行期间，医护人员接触到这种高度传染性的病毒，遭受了焦虑、心理困扰和倦怠等一些社会和心理后果。
评估埃及医护人员在 COVID-19 大流行期间的心理困扰、焦虑、抑郁、应对策略、对 COVID-19 的风险感知以及对跨专业团队合作的态度。
我们进行了一项横断面在线调查，其中包括五个部分。主要结果是焦虑（GAD-7）、抑郁（PHQ-9）、对 COVID-19 的风险感知、跨专业团队合作态度以及在冠状病毒病-19 大流行期间的应对策略。从 2020 年 4 月 20 日至 2020 年 5 月 20 日，向埃及医护人员分发了基于网络的问卷。使用了雪球抽样方法。回归分析用于测试社会经济特征与上述结果之间的关系。
共有 403 名参与者对在线问卷做出了回应。大多数是女性（70.5%），年龄在 26-40 岁之间（77.7%），工作经验在 2-5 年之间（43.2%）。大多数参与者是药剂师（33%）和医生（22.1%）。82 名参与者（21%）报告有中度至重度焦虑，79 名参与者报告（19.4%）有中度至重度抑郁症状。在单变量模型中，婚姻状况与抑郁（OR 0.47，95%CI 0.28-0.78）、焦虑（OR 0.52，95%CI 0.32-0.85）和对跨专业团队合作的态度（β=-1.96，95%CI -2.72 至-1.2）相关。直接护理患者与较低的焦虑症状相关（AOR 0.256，95%CI 0.094-0.697）。更严重的焦虑和抑郁症状与日常生活和专业工作环境困难有关（AOR 4.246 和 3.3，P=0.003 和 0.01）。工作场所提供心理健康设施与较低的 COVID-19 风险感知（β=-0.79，95%CI -1.24 至-0.34）和对团队合作的更积极态度（β=2.77，95%CI 1.38-4.15）相关。
根据我们的结果，COVID-19 大流行与埃及医护人员的轻度焦虑和抑郁有关，尤其是药剂师和医生。我们建议对埃及医护人员的心理健康进行更多研究。如果证明具有成本效益且有必要，广泛的心理健康筛查和公共卫生运动可以促进有效的预防和治疗策略。此外，工作场所提供心理健康设施可以减轻与卫生紧急情况相关的一些风险感知，并改善跨专业团队合作。
