植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum 和 L. rhamnosus）和酿酒酵母（S. cerevisiae）：对肉鸡生产性能、生化指标、粪便中氨离子和消化率的影响。

Lactobacillus (L. plantarum & L. rhamnosus) and Saccharomyces (S. cerevisiae): effects on performance, biochemical parameters, ammonium ion in manure, and digestibility of broiler chickens.

机构信息

Animal Science Department, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2023 Apr;102(4):102525. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102525. Epub 2023 Jan 23.

DOI:10.1016/j.psj.2023.102525

PMID:36848757

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9982685/

Abstract

Two strains of Lactobacillus combined with Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used as probiotics were evaluated to replace antibiotics in poultry flocks by reducing ammonia emissions in manure of broilers without comprising performance or health. One-day-old Cobb 500 broilers (600) were fed starter, grower, and finisher diets as control (CON); probiotic S. cerevisiae, inclusion rate at 4.26 × 10 CFU/kg of feed (SCY); probiotic L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus, inclusion rate at 4.35 × 10 CFU/kg of feed (LPR) for each; and a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus at 4.35 × 10 CFU/kg of feed for each plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 4.26 × 10 CFU/kg of feed (SWL). The 4 treatments had 5 replicates (pens), each with 30 broilers. Performance was measured weekly as feed consumption, weight gain, BW, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) over a 6-wk grow-out period. Accompanying biochemical analyses included lipase activity of the pancreas, liver weight, and uric acid (UA) concentration in liver. Albumin, total protein, UA, ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in serum. Ammonium (NH) in manure and apparent ileal digestibility from digesta were also measured. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Results showed that biochemical analyses had no significant treatment effect; however, there were significant temporal changes in performance measures for individual treatments. Feed consumption increased over time for all treatments (P = 2.00 × 10). CON had lower weight gain in wk 2 (P = 0.013) compared to all treatment and the lowest BW in wk 5 (P = 0.0008) and wk 6 (P = 0.0124) compared to SWL. Specific probiotic strains, with well-defined inclusion rates, and surrounding environmental analyses of present microbes are needed to ascertain effects of probiotics. Other important areas for investigation include 1) confirmation of probiotics present in the digesta/ceca and how they alter the microbiota within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and 2) the serum heterophil:lymphocyte ratio to further examine potential immune responses to the probiotics.

摘要

两种乳杆菌与酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）联合作为益生菌，通过减少肉鸡粪便中的氨气排放来替代禽类养殖中的抗生素，同时不影响生产性能或健康。将 600 只 1 日龄科宝 500 肉鸡（Cobb 500）分为 5 组，每组 30 只，每组 60 只，分别为：对照组（CON）饲喂基础日粮；含 4.26×10 CFU/kg 饲料的酿酒酵母（SCY）；含 4.35×10 CFU/kg 饲料的植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌（LPR）；含 4.35×10 CFU/kg 饲料的植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌（LPR）与 4.26×10 CFU/kg 饲料的酿酒酵母（SWL）。在 6 周的生长期间，每周测量一次饲料消耗、体重增加、BW 和饲料转化率（FCR）。伴随的生化分析包括胰腺脂肪酶活性、肝重和肝脏尿酸（UA）浓度。血清中测定白蛋白、总蛋白、UA、氨和血尿素氮（BUN）。粪便中的铵（NH）和肠道内容物的表观回肠消化率也进行了测量。P≤0.05 时差异显著。结果表明，生化分析无显著处理效应；然而，个别处理的性能指标有显著的时间变化。所有处理的饲料消耗均随时间增加（P=2.00×10）。与所有处理相比，CON 组在第 2 周的体重增加较低（P=0.013），与 SWL 相比，第 5 周和第 6 周的 BW 最低（P=0.0008 和 P=0.0124）。需要确定具有明确添加率的特定益生菌菌株和周围环境中现有微生物的分析，以确定益生菌的作用。其他需要研究的重要领域包括：1）确认消化物/盲肠中存在的益生菌以及它们如何改变胃肠道（GI）内的微生物群；2）异嗜性白细胞：淋巴细胞比值，以进一步检查对益生菌的潜在免疫反应。