Vega W A, Sallis J F, Patterson T, Rupp J, Atkins C, Nader P R
Hispanic Community Research Project, San Diego State University, California 92182.
Prev Med. 1987 Sep;16(5):696-709. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(87)90052-1.
This article describes the Adult and Child Behavior Knowledge Scales that were used as part of the San Diego Family Health Project to measure knowledge of health behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases in two ethnic groups: Anglo- and Mexican-Americans. The psychometric characteristics of these scales indicate acceptable reliabilities for assessing knowledge of dietary sodium, dietary fat, and exercise among both adults and children and differ from other health knowledge scales in that they focus on "behavioral capability" rather than on the link between behavior and disease. It is believed that the type of information measured by our scales is more closely related to behavior changes sought in contemporary cardiovascular disease prevention trials. Results of ANOVA used to test differences in knowledge by ethnicity and sex indicate strong main effects for ethnicity among both children and adults. However, sex was not consistently related to knowledge, except for the general tendency of males to be more knowledgeable about exercise. Step-wise and simultaneous-entry multiple regression were used to test a subset of variables, including sex, education, self-efficacy, acculturation (for Mexican-Americans), and parental health knowledge (for children) as determinants of health knowledge. Education was the strongest predictor for Anglo-American adults, and acculturation level was the strongest for Mexican-American adults. Among children, the only statistically significant variable was parental acculturation level for Mexican-Americans. The scales were found to be useful in measuring differences in knowledge across cultural/linguistic groups and to clearly identify marginally acculturated Mexican-Americans as being least aware of health-behavior knowledge. Implications are discussed.
本文介绍了成人和儿童行为知识量表，该量表作为圣地亚哥家庭健康项目的一部分，用于测量两个种族群体（盎格鲁美国人和墨西哥裔美国人）中与心血管疾病相关的健康行为知识。这些量表的心理测量特征表明，在评估成人和儿童对膳食钠、膳食脂肪和运动的知识方面，具有可接受的信度，并且与其他健康知识量表不同的是，它们关注的是“行为能力”，而非行为与疾病之间的联系。据信，我们量表所测量的信息类型与当代心血管疾病预防试验中所寻求的行为改变更为密切相关。用于检验按种族和性别划分的知识差异的方差分析结果表明，儿童和成人中种族的主效应均很强。然而，性别与知识之间并非始终相关，除了男性在运动知识方面总体上更了解的趋势。采用逐步回归和同时进入多元回归来检验一组变量，包括性别、教育程度、自我效能感、文化适应程度（针对墨西哥裔美国人）以及父母的健康知识（针对儿童）作为健康知识的决定因素。教育程度是盎格鲁美国成年人最强的预测因素，文化适应程度是墨西哥裔美国成年人最强的预测因素。在儿童中，唯一具有统计学意义的变量是墨西哥裔美国人的父母文化适应程度。研究发现这些量表有助于测量不同文化/语言群体之间的知识差异，并能明确识别文化适应程度较低的墨西哥裔美国人对健康行为知识了解最少。文中还讨论了相关影响。
