Zhu Yan, Bai Yongqing, Xiong Jie, Zhao Tianliang, Xu Jiaping, Zhou Yue, Meng Kai, Meng Chengzhen, Sun Xiaoyun, Hu Weiyang
Hubei Meteorological Service Center, Wuhan 430205, China.
China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory/Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China.
Toxics. 2023 Feb 10;11(2):169. doi: 10.3390/toxics11020169.
The influence of the underlying surface on the atmospheric environment over rivers and lakes is not fully understood. To improve our understanding, this study targeted the Twain-Hu Basin (THB) in central China, with a unique underlying surface comprising a dense "water network" over rivers and lakes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to simulate the impact of this dense "water network" on a wintertime heavy PM pollution event in the THB. On this basis, the regulating effects of density and area of the lake groups, with centralized big lakes (CBLs) and discrete small lakes (DSLs), on PM concentrations over the underlying surface of the dense "water network" in the THB were clarified, and the relative contributions of thermal factors and water vapor factors in the atmospheric boundary layer to the variation of PM concentrations were evaluated. The results show that the underlying surface of dense "water networks" in the THB generally decreases the PM concentrations, but the influences of different lake-group types are not uniform in spatial distribution. The CBLs can reduce the PM concentrations over the lake and its surroundings by 4.90-17.68% during the day and night. The ability of DSLs in reducing PM pollution is relatively weak, with the reversed contribution between -5.63% and 1.56%. Thermal factors and water vapor-related factors are the key meteorological drivers affecting the variation of PM concentrations over the underlying surface of dense "water networks". The warming and humidification effects of such underlying surfaces contribute positively and negatively to the "purification" of air pollution, respectively. The relative contributions of thermal factors and water vapor-related factors are 52.48% and 43.91% for CBLs and 65.96% and 27.31% for DSLs, respectively. The "purification" effect of the underlying surface with a dense "water network" in the THB on regional air pollution highlights the importance of environmental protection of inland rivers and lakes in regional environmental governance. In further studies on the atmospheric environment, long-term studies are necessary, including fine measurements in terms of meteorology and the environment and more comprehensive simulations under different scenarios.
下垫面对河流和湖泊上空大气环境的影响尚未得到充分理解。为增进我们的认识，本研究以中国中部的两湖流域（THB）为目标，该流域具有独特的下垫面，由河流和湖泊上密集的“水网”组成。在本研究中，使用了带化学过程的天气研究与预报模型（WRF-Chem）来模拟这种密集“水网”对两湖流域冬季一次严重的PM污染事件的影响。在此基础上，阐明了集中大湖（CBLs）和离散小湖（DSLs）组成的湖群密度和面积对两湖流域密集“水网”下垫面上PM浓度的调节作用，并评估了大气边界层中热力因子和水汽因子对PM浓度变化的相对贡献。结果表明，两湖流域密集“水网”的下垫面总体上降低了PM浓度，但不同湖群类型的影响在空间分布上并不均匀。CBLs在白天和夜间可使湖泊及其周边地区的PM浓度降低4.90 - 17.68%。DSLs降低PM污染的能力相对较弱，贡献在-5.63%至1.56%之间且呈反向变化。热力因子和与水汽相关的因子是影响密集“水网”下垫面上PM浓度变化的关键气象驱动因素。这种下垫面的增温增湿效应分别对空气污染的“净化”产生正向和负向贡献。对于CBLs，热力因子和与水汽相关的因子的相对贡献分别为52.48%和43.91%；对于DSLs，分别为65.96%和27.31%。两湖流域密集“水网”下垫面对区域空气污染的“净化”作用凸显了内陆河流和湖泊环境保护在区域环境治理中的重要性。在进一步的大气环境研究中，有必要进行长期研究，包括气象和环境方面的精细测量以及不同情景下更全面的模拟。
