Martinson Neil, Gordhan Bhavna, Petkov Stefan, Pillay Azure-Dee, Seiphetlo Thabiso, Singh Natasha, Otwombe Kennedy, Lebina Limakatso, Fredolini Claudia, Chiodi Francesca, Fox Julie, Kana Bavesh, Herrera Carolina
Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 2;11(2):334. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020334.
The mucosal environment of the upper respiratory tract is the first barrier of protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the mucosal factors involved in viral transmission and potentially modulating the capacity to prevent such transmission have not fully been identified. In this pilot proteomics study, we compared mucosal and systemic compartments in a South African cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals undergoing maxillofacial surgery with previous history of COVID-19 or not. Inflammatory profiles were analyzed in plasma, nasopharyngeal swabs, and nasal and oral tissue explant cultures, using Olink and Luminex technologies. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were measured in serum and tissue explants. An increased pro-inflammatory proteomic profile was measured in the nasal compartment compared to plasma. However, IP-10 and MIG levels were higher in secretions than in nasal tissue, and the opposite was observed for TGF-β. Nasal anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG correlated with mucosal MIG expression for all participants. A further positive correlation was found with IP-10 in BioNTech/Pfizer-vaccinated individuals. Systemic levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG elicited by this vaccine correlated with plasma IL-10, IL-6 and HBD4. Proteomic profiles measured in mucosal tissues and secretions using combined technologies could reveal correlates of protection at the mucosal portals of viral entry.
上呼吸道的黏膜环境是抵御严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）传播的第一道保护屏障。然而，参与病毒传播并可能调节预防此类传播能力的黏膜因素尚未完全明确。在这项蛋白质组学初步研究中，我们比较了南非一组接受颌面手术的有或无新冠病毒疾病（COVID-19）既往史的接种和未接种疫苗个体的黏膜和全身部分。使用欧林克（Olink）和鲁米诺克斯（Luminex）技术分析血浆、鼻咽拭子以及鼻腔和口腔组织外植体培养物中的炎症谱。在血清和组织外植体中测量SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体水平。与血浆相比，鼻腔部分的促炎蛋白质组谱有所增加。然而，干扰素γ诱导蛋白10（IP-10）和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白（MIG）在分泌物中的水平高于鼻腔组织，而转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）则相反。所有参与者的鼻腔抗SARS-CoV-2刺突IgG与黏膜MIG表达相关。在接种辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗的个体中，还发现与IP-10存在进一步的正相关。该疫苗诱导的全身抗SARS-CoV-2刺突IgG水平与血浆白细胞介素10（IL-10）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和人β-防御素4（HBD4）相关。使用联合技术在黏膜组织和分泌物中测量的蛋白质组谱可能揭示病毒进入的黏膜门户处的保护相关因素。
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