Irshath Aadil Ahmed, Rajan Anand Prem, Vimal Sugumar, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Ganesan Raja
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 600 077, Tamilnadu, India.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 17;11(2):470. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020470.
Aquaculture is a fast-growing food sector but is plagued by a plethora of bacterial pathogens that infect fish. The rearing of fish at high population densities in aquaculture facilities makes them highly susceptible to disease outbreaks, which can cause significant economic loss. Thus, immunity development in fish through vaccination against various pathogens of economically important aquaculture species has been extensively studied and has been largely accepted as a reliable method for preventing infections. Vaccination studies in aquaculture systems are strategically associated with the economically and environmentally sustainable management of aquaculture production worldwide. Historically, most licensed fish vaccines have been developed as inactivated pathogens combined with adjuvants and provided via immersion or injection. In comparison, live vaccines can simulate a whole pathogenic illness and elicit a strong immune response, making them better suited for oral or immersion-based therapy methods to control diseases. Advanced approaches in vaccine development involve targeting specific pathogenic components, including the use of recombinant genes and proteins. Vaccines produced using these techniques, some of which are currently commercially available, appear to elicit and promote higher levels of immunity than conventional fish vaccines. These technological advancements are promising for developing sustainable production processes for commercially important aquatic species. In this review, we explore the multitude of studies on fish bacterial pathogens undertaken in the last decade as well as the recent advances in vaccine development for aquaculture.
水产养殖是一个快速发展的食品领域，但却受到大量感染鱼类的细菌病原体的困扰。在水产养殖设施中高密度养殖鱼类，使它们极易爆发疾病，这可能会造成重大经济损失。因此，通过针对具有重要经济价值的水产养殖品种的各种病原体进行疫苗接种来促进鱼类免疫力发展的研究已广泛开展，并在很大程度上被视为预防感染的可靠方法。水产养殖系统中的疫苗接种研究在全球范围内与水产养殖生产的经济和环境可持续管理具有战略关联。从历史上看，大多数获得许可的鱼类疫苗都是将灭活病原体与佐剂结合，并通过浸泡或注射的方式提供。相比之下，活疫苗可以模拟整个致病过程并引发强烈的免疫反应，使其更适合用于口服或基于浸泡的治疗方法来控制疾病。疫苗开发的先进方法包括针对特定的致病成分，包括使用重组基因和蛋白质。使用这些技术生产的疫苗，其中一些目前已在市场上销售，似乎比传统鱼类疫苗能引发和促进更高水平的免疫力。这些技术进步对于开发具有重要商业价值的水生物种的可持续生产工艺很有前景。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了过去十年中对鱼类细菌病原体进行的大量研究以及水产养殖疫苗开发的最新进展。
