Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Viruses. 2023 Feb 5;15(2):444. doi: 10.3390/v15020444.
Uveitis is one of the most common ocular complications in people living with the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can be classified into HIV-induced uveitis, co-infection related uveitis, immune recovery uveitis, and drug-induced uveitis. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has considerably changed the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of different types of HIV-related uveitis. Furthermore, the specific immune condition of patients infected with HIV makes diagnosing HIV-related uveitis difficult. Recent studies have focused on the growing prevalence of syphilis/tuberculosis co-infection in uveitis. Simultaneously, more studies have demonstrated that HIV can directly contribute to the incidence of uveitis. However, the detailed mechanism has not been studied. Immune recovery uveitis is diagnosed by exclusion, and recent studies have addressed the role of biomarkers in its diagnosis. This review highlights recent updates on HIV-related uveitis. Furthermore, it aims to draw the attention of infectious disease physicians and ophthalmologists to the ocular health of patients infected with HIV.
葡萄膜炎是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者最常见的眼部并发症之一，可分为 HIV 诱导性葡萄膜炎、合并感染相关性葡萄膜炎、免疫重建性葡萄膜炎和药物诱导性葡萄膜炎。抗逆转录病毒疗法的引入极大地改变了不同类型 HIV 相关性葡萄膜炎的发病率、诊断和治疗。此外，HIV 感染者的特定免疫状况使得 HIV 相关性葡萄膜炎的诊断变得困难。最近的研究集中在梅毒/结核病合并感染在葡萄膜炎中的患病率不断上升。同时，越来越多的研究表明 HIV 可直接导致葡萄膜炎的发生。然而，其详细机制尚未得到研究。免疫重建性葡萄膜炎的诊断是通过排除法进行的，最近的研究也探讨了生物标志物在其诊断中的作用。本综述重点介绍了 HIV 相关性葡萄膜炎的最新研究进展。此外，它旨在引起传染病医生和眼科医生对 HIV 感染者眼部健康的关注。
