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从古老永久冻土中复活的真核病毒的最新研究进展。

An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost.

机构信息

IGS, Information Génomique & Structurale (UMR7256), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (FR 3489), Institut Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, and Institut Origines, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.

Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfectology, Northwestern State Medical Mechnikov University, Saint Petersburg 195067, Russia.

出版信息

Viruses. 2023 Feb 18;15(2):564. doi: 10.3390/v15020564.

Abstract

One quarter of the Northern hemisphere is underlain by permanently frozen ground, referred to as permafrost. Due to climate warming, irreversibly thawing permafrost is releasing organic matter frozen for up to a million years, most of which decomposes into carbon dioxide and methane, further enhancing the greenhouse effect. Part of this organic matter also consists of revived cellular microbes (prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes) as well as viruses that have remained dormant since prehistorical times. While the literature abounds on descriptions of the rich and diverse prokaryotic microbiomes found in permafrost, no additional report about "live" viruses have been published since the two original studies describing pithovirus (in 2014) and mollivirus (in 2015). This wrongly suggests that such occurrences are rare and that "zombie viruses" are not a public health threat. To restore an appreciation closer to reality, we report the preliminary characterizations of 13 new viruses isolated from seven different ancient Siberian permafrost samples, one from the Lena river and one from Kamchatka cryosol. As expected from the host specificity imposed by our protocol, these viruses belong to five different clades infecting spp. but not previously revived from permafrost: Pandoravirus, Cedratvirus, Megavirus, and Pacmanvirus, in addition to a new Pithovirus strain.

摘要

北半球四分之一的地区都被永久性冻土所覆盖,这些冻土被称为永久冻土。由于气候变暖,不可逆转地解冻的永久冻土正在释放出被冻结了长达一百万年的有机物质,其中大部分分解为二氧化碳和甲烷,进一步增强了温室效应。这些有机物质的一部分还包括复活的细胞微生物(原核生物、单细胞真核生物)以及自史前以来一直处于休眠状态的病毒。虽然文献中充斥着对永久冻土中丰富多样的原核微生物组的描述,但自从描述 pithovirus(2014 年)和 mollivirus(2015 年)的两项原始研究以来,没有关于“活”病毒的更多报道。这错误地表明此类事件很少发生,并且“僵尸病毒”不会对公共健康构成威胁。为了更接近真实地恢复认识,我们报告了从七个不同的西伯利亚永久冻土样本中分离出的 13 种新病毒的初步特征,其中一个来自 Lena 河,一个来自堪察加 cryosol。正如我们的方案所规定的宿主特异性所预期的那样,这些病毒属于五个不同的感染科,但以前从未从永久冻土中恢复过:Pandoravirus、Cedratvirus、Megavirus 和 Pacmanvirus,此外还有一种新的 Pithovirus 株。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c515/9958942/b80545017719/viruses-15-00564-g001.jpg

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