de-la-Iglesia Llanos, Bravo Cristina, Rubí-Carnacea Francesc
Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Osteopatia i fisioteràpia Cornellà, Barcelona, Spain.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2023 Jan 24;18(4):894-907. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.008. eCollection 2023 Aug.
The study objectives were to identify the prevalence of upper crossed syndrome (UCS) and its associated factors in a population of Spanish adolescents, and to explore these associations through focus groups.
The study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design. The quantitative phase consisted of a cross-sectional study in which 45 students underwent photogrammetry measurements and evaluations with the Kiddo-KINDL and VISA-TEEN questionnaires. Subsequently, several focus groups were conducted to discuss the quantitative results.
The results indicated a 37.8% prevalence of UCS, a 48.9% prevalence of forward head posture (FHP) and an 80% prevalence of forward shoulder posture (FSP). A positive FSP was indicated by an angle represented by the intersection of the line between the midpoint of the humerus and the spinous process of C7 of <52°. FSP was significantly higher in boys (mean [M] = 43.59, standard deviation [SD] = 6.9) than in girls (M = 47.98, SD = 6.33; p < 0.05). Boys showed significant moderate associations of FSP with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.48, p < 0.05) and hygiene habits (r = -0.46, p < 0.05), and of FHP with worse use of technology (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). Those with UCS showed significant differences in school performance (M = 47.22, SD = 8.33, p < 0.05). Analysis of the qualitative results led to the identification of 33 codes and five categories.
UCS was associated with factors such as BMI, school performance, use of technology and physical activity. Correcting posture in adolescence was generally believed to be necessary. Physical exercise and postural health were considered highly important among adolescents.
本研究旨在确定西班牙青少年人群中上交叉综合征（UCS）的患病率及其相关因素，并通过焦点小组探讨这些关联。
本研究采用序列解释性混合方法设计。定量阶段包括一项横断面研究，其中45名学生接受了摄影测量以及使用Kiddo-KINDL和VISA-TEEN问卷进行评估。随后，开展了几个焦点小组来讨论定量结果。
结果表明，UCS的患病率为37.8%，头部前倾姿势（FHP）的患病率为48.9%，肩部前倾姿势（FSP）的患病率为80%。FSP阳性由肱骨中点与C7棘突之间连线的夹角小于52°表示。男孩的FSP（均值[M]=43.59，标准差[SD]=6.9）显著高于女孩（M=47.98，SD=6.33；p<0.05）。男孩的FSP与体重指数（BMI）（r=-0.48，p<0.05）和卫生习惯（r=-0.46，p<0.05）之间存在显著的中度关联，FHP与较差的技术使用情况（r=0.53，p<0.05）之间存在显著关联。患有UCS的学生在学业成绩方面存在显著差异（M=47.22，SD=8.33，p<0.05）。对定性结果的分析得出了33个编码和5个类别。
UCS与BMI、学业成绩、技术使用和体育活动等因素有关。普遍认为在青春期纠正姿势是必要的。体育锻炼和姿势健康在青少年中被认为非常重要。
