Department of Internal Medicine, Shree Birendra Hospital; Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Emergency Medicine and General Practice, Rolpa District Hospital, Rolpa, Nepal.
BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 28;13(2):e067238. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067238.
To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with CKD.
Cross-sectional study among diabetic outpatients of a tertiary hospital in Nepal.
201 patients with T2DM above 18 years of age.
Participants completed a questionnaire regarding their socioeconomic information and underwent pertinent physical and haematological examinations.
The prevalence and risk factors of CKD among patients with T2DM.
The prevalence of CKD in T2DM was 86.6%. In univariable analysis, the variables like age (p=0.026), hypertension status (p=0.002), duration of diabetes (p=0.009) and haemoglobin levels (p=0.027) were significantly associated with CKD among the participants with T2DM. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that age was significantly different between various CKD stages. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between CKD with age (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3, 95% CI 1.1 to 8.8) and literacy status (AOR 5.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 24.6) CONCLUSION: Advancing age, concomitant hypertension, increasing duration of T2DM and presence of anaemia were found to be important risk factors of CKD. Age is the most important predictor of CKD showing increasing prevalence in the elderly population. Periodic screening tests are essential at an early age to identify kidney diseases at incipient stages, thereby preventing progression to end-stage renal disease.
估计 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率，并确定与 CKD 相关的社会人口学和临床危险因素。
尼泊尔一家三级医院的糖尿病门诊患者的横断面研究。
201 名年龄在 18 岁以上的 T2DM 患者。
参与者填写了一份关于其社会经济信息的问卷，并接受了相关的身体和血液检查。
T2DM 患者 CKD 的患病率和危险因素。
T2DM 患者 CKD 的患病率为 86.6%。在单变量分析中，年龄（p=0.026）、高血压状态（p=0.002）、糖尿病病程（p=0.009）和血红蛋白水平（p=0.027）等变量与 T2DM 患者的 CKD 显著相关。Kruskal-Wallis H 检验显示，不同 CKD 阶段的年龄差异具有统计学意义。多变量分析表明，CKD 与年龄（调整后的优势比（AOR）3，95%置信区间 1.1 至 8.8）和文化程度（AOR 5.8，95%置信区间 1.4 至 24.6）之间存在显著关系。
年龄增长、伴发高血压、T2DM 病程延长和贫血是 CKD 的重要危险因素。年龄是 CKD 的最重要预测因素，在老年人群中患病率呈上升趋势。定期进行筛查测试对于早期发现肾脏疾病至关重要，从而可以预防疾病进展为终末期肾病。
