Aregawi Kibrom, Kabew Mekonnen Getachew, Belete Rebuma, Kucha Winner
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Front Epidemiol. 2024 Nov 19;4:1467911. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2024.1467911. eCollection 2024.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a significant impact on public health with a high morbidity and death rate. Most diabetic patients, in the course of their lives, develop diabetic kidney disease. In the least developed nations, its size is outstripping itself. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among adult diabetic patients.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 328 adult diabetic patients from 1 December 2023 to 4 April 2024 at the Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northern Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was utilized to select the study participants. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, economic, and behavioral/lifestyle factors. Medical records were also reviewed to collect clinical data. Creatinine analysis was performed by kinetic alkaline picrate method and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 equation was used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate from the serum creatinine, age, and sex. Proteinuria was determined by using the dipstick semiquantitative method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 29. A variable with a -value of <0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analyses was analyzed in multivariate logistic regression to identify the associated factors. In multivariable logistic regression, a variable was deemed statistically significant if it had a -value <0.05. Associations were presented as odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
The prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in adult diabetic patients was 26.5% (95% CI, 21.8%-31.7%). About 5.2%, 12.5%, 7.3%, 0.9%, and 0.6% had stage 1-5 chronic kidney diseases, respectively. Hypertension [adjusted OR (AOR) = 2.390; 95% CI, 1.394-4.099, = 0.002], >10-year duration of diabetes (AOR = 2.585; 95% CI, 2.321-5.807; = 0.001), and family history of kidney diseases (AOR = 2.884; 95% CI, 1.338-6.218; = 0.007) were associated factors of chronic kidney diseases.
The study revealed that one in four diabetic patients had chronic kidney disease. Special attention should be given to patients with family history of CKD, long duration on diabetes, and concomitant hypertension.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）对公众健康有重大影响，发病率和死亡率都很高。大多数糖尿病患者在其病程中会发展为糖尿病肾病。在最不发达国家，其规模正在不断扩大。本研究旨在确定成年糖尿病患者中慢性肾脏病的患病率及相关因素。
2023年12月1日至2024年4月4日，在埃塞俄比亚北部的艾德尔综合专科医院，对328名成年糖尿病患者进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样方法选择研究参与者。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷收集社会人口学、经济和行为/生活方式因素。还查阅医疗记录以收集临床数据。采用动力学碱性苦味酸盐法进行肌酐分析，并使用慢性肾脏病流行病学协作组2021年公式根据血清肌酐、年龄和性别计算肾小球滤过率。采用试纸半定量法测定蛋白尿。使用SPSS 29版录入和分析数据。在双变量逻辑回归分析中P值<0.25的变量纳入多变量逻辑回归分析以确定相关因素。在多变量逻辑回归中，P值<0.05的变量被认为具有统计学意义。关联以比值比（OR）及95%置信区间（CI）表示。
成年糖尿病患者中慢性肾脏病的患病率为26.5%（95%CI，21.8%-31.7%）。分别约有5.2%、12.5%、7.3%、0.9%和0.6%的患者患有1-5期慢性肾脏病。高血压[调整后OR（AOR）=2.390；95%CI，1.394-4.099，P=0.002]、糖尿病病程>10年（AOR=2.585；95%CI，2.321-5.807；P=0.001）以及肾脏疾病家族史（AOR=2.884；95%CI，1.338-6.218；P=0.007）是慢性肾脏病的相关因素。
该研究表明，四分之一的糖尿病患者患有慢性肾脏病。应特别关注有慢性肾脏病家族史、糖尿病病程长以及合并高血压的患者。
