Merz Christian, Aarts Maurice, Lehmann Thomas, Seemann-Sinn Alexander, Pluk Arno, Naundorf Falk
Department Strength, Power & Technical Sports, Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig, Germany.
Innovation in Gymnastics, InnoSportLab 's-Hertogenbosch - Innovation in gymnastics, Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
Sports Biomech. 2023 Feb 28:1-15. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2185162.
Swing to strength hold elements are important for a top ranking on still rings, require a high level of upper body strength of the gymnasts and have not yet been scientifically investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine force requirement profiles for these elements using a dynamometric measuring system. Two force sensors attached to the cables of each ring and synchronised with video recorded the forces exerted by the gymnast. For eight swing to strength hold elements (Uprise backward to support scale straddled, Uprise backward to swallow, Uprise backward to cross, Honma to cross, Uprise backward to support scale, Kip to cross, Back kip to swallow and Uprise backward to inverted cross), the variables maximal force (F), minimal force (F), time over F (t), rate of maximal force development (RFD) and impulse (p) were analysed. Honma to cross shows the highest force requirements (Median: F = 120.4% BW, F = 109.8% BW, t = 882 ms, RFD = 143.93% BW/s, = 9.85% BWs) whereas back kip to swallow shows the least (F = 102.3% BW, RFD = 34.99% BW/s and = 0.84% BW/s). The biomechanical demand profiles can be used to provide feedback to coaches and gymnasts. In future research, they should be extended with kinematic and electromyographic data.
摆浪至力量支撑类动作对于吊环项目的顶尖排名很重要，需要体操运动员具备高水平的上身力量，且尚未得到科学研究。因此，本研究的目的是使用测力系统确定这些动作的力需求概况。两个力传感器连接到每个吊环的绳索上，并与视频同步，记录体操运动员施加的力。对于八个摆浪至力量支撑类动作（向后上摆至支撑十字悬垂、向后上摆至燕式支撑、向后上摆至交叉支撑、本间式交叉支撑、向后上摆至支撑、屈伸上至交叉支撑、后屈伸上至燕式支撑和向后上摆至反交叉支撑），分析了最大力（F）、最小力（F）、力超过F的时间（t）、最大力发展速率（RFD）和冲量（p）等变量。本间式交叉支撑显示出最高的力需求（中位数：F = 120.4%体重，F = 109.8%体重，t = 882毫秒，RFD = 143.93%体重/秒， = 9.85%体重·秒），而后屈伸上至燕式支撑显示的力需求最小（F = 102.3%体重，RFD = 34.99%体重/秒， = 0.84%体重·秒）。生物力学需求概况可用于为教练和体操运动员提供反馈。在未来的研究中，应结合运动学和肌电图数据对其进行扩展。
