Tom Lecocq, Arnaud Gouelle, Christoph Schärer, Luis Mochizuki, Nicolas Tordi
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PSMS, Reims, France.
Fédération Française de Gymnastique, Paris, France.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jul;25(7):e70002. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.70002.
The last code of point ruling international artistic gymnastic competitions took another step toward the necessity of strength difficulty on rings. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between bench press and iron cross maximal isometric contraction. 52 gymnasts (mean ± SD, 22.4 ± 5 years, 173 ± 5 cm, and 68.5 ± 6 kg) were randomly assigned to start by one of two exercises: (1) Maximal isometric contraction in the bench press position. The force applied by the athletes against an immobile bar was measured with handheld dynamometers. (2) Maximal contraction in the iron cross position. The participants were standing on force plates to measure their body weight at rest and during the maximal contraction. The force developed was computed by subtracting the remaining weight to the body weight. Both maximal forces were normalized by the body weight. Contrary to the expected relationship, bench press and iron cross are moderately correlated 0.41 (p = 0.003 and 95% IC [0.15; 0.61]). Rather than a linear trend, this study highlights a linear threshold between bench press and iron cross. Although some athletes present a high strength in bench press and a low strength in iron cross, it is noteworthy that no athletes present a low strength in bench press and a high strength in iron cross. This highlights that although bench press seems necessary, it is not sufficient for the iron cross. Based on the results, a model was developed to help coaches provide training recommendations established on the gymnast's current general and specific strength status.
国际艺术体操比赛的最新评分规则朝着吊环力量难度的必要性又迈进了一步。本研究旨在分析卧推与十字支撑最大等长收缩之间的关系。52名体操运动员（平均±标准差，22.4±5岁，173±5厘米，68.5±6千克）被随机分配从两种练习之一开始：（1）卧推姿势下的最大等长收缩。用手持式测力计测量运动员对固定横杆施加的力。（2）十字支撑姿势下的最大收缩。参与者站在测力板上测量其静止时和最大收缩时的体重。通过用体重减去剩余重量来计算所产生的力。两种最大力均按体重进行标准化。与预期关系相反，卧推和十字支撑呈中度相关，相关系数为0.41（p = 0.003，95%置信区间[0.15；0.61]）。本研究强调的不是线性趋势，而是卧推和十字支撑之间的线性阈值。虽然一些运动员卧推力量大但十字支撑力量小，但值得注意的是，没有运动员卧推力量小而十字支撑力量大。这突出表明，虽然卧推似乎是必要的，但对于十字支撑来说并不充分。基于这些结果，开发了一个模型，以帮助教练根据体操运动员当前的一般和特定力量状况提供训练建议。
