Yaemkasem Sompit, Promchairat Jiraporn, Srithongkhum Pinchakorn, Paungsroy Napawan, Poolkhet Chaithep
Rayong Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Rayong, 21000, Thailand.
Petchabun Inland Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Petchabun, 67000, Thailand.
Vet World. 2023 Jan;16(1):111-117. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.111-117. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
White spot disease (WSD) is a highly lethal and contagious viral disease in marine shrimp caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). White spot disease impacts the worldwide crustacean aquaculture sector, including Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the effect of farm management practices and wild carriers on WSD occurrence in grow-out marine shrimp farms in Rayong Province, Thailand.
A longitudinal study was conducted using a structured questionnaire from June 2018 to June 2020. A total of 186 questionnaires for 186 ponds were collected from 15 shrimp farms. Univariate and multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations were used to determine the risk factors associated with WSD. In addition, possible carrier samples (wild shrimp and wild crabs) were collected inside and outside farms to test for the presence of WSSV.
Direct discharge of treated wastewater into farm ponds was statistically significant in the final model (p < 0.01), with an odd ratio (OR) factor of 0.097 (95% confidence interval [CI] of OR = 0.007-0.242). Pooled sampling for WSSV in wild shrimp and crabs showed that 48 out of 936 (5.13%) samples tested positive for WSD using nested polymerase chain reaction. The samples from banana shrimp, jinga shrimp, banded snapping shrimp, dwarf prawn, whiteleg shrimp, green tidal crabs, and mangrove crabs tested positive.
Based on the findings of this study, we infer that the environment plays an important role in the spread of this disease. The results of this study will provide insights into the effective planning of disease control.
白斑病（WSD）是由白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）引起的一种对养殖海水虾具有高度致死性和传染性的病毒性疾病。白斑病影响着包括泰国在内的全球甲壳类水产养殖业。本研究旨在调查养殖管理措施和野生带菌者对泰国罗勇府海水虾养成场白斑病发生情况的影响。
2018年6月至2020年6月期间，使用结构化问卷进行了一项纵向研究。从15个对虾养殖场收集了针对186个池塘的总共186份问卷。采用广义估计方程进行单变量和多变量分析，以确定与白斑病相关的风险因素。此外，在养殖场内外采集了可能的带菌者样本（野生虾和野生蟹），以检测WSSV的存在情况。
在最终模型中，经处理的废水直接排入养殖池塘具有统计学意义（p < 0.01），比值比（OR）因子为0.097（OR的95%置信区间[CI] = 0.007 - 0.242）。对野生虾和蟹进行的WSSV混合抽样显示，在936个样本中，有48个（5.13%）使用巢式聚合酶链反应检测出白斑病呈阳性。来自香蕉虾、金加虾、条纹鼓虾、矮虾、凡纳滨对虾、绿相手蟹和红树林蟹的样本检测呈阳性。
基于本研究的结果，我们推断环境在这种疾病的传播中起着重要作用。本研究结果将为疾病控制的有效规划提供见解。
