Mineo S
University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Corso Italia 57, Catania 95123, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 20;874:162394. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162394. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
Contamination by Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL) represents a challenge due to the difficulties encountered in its underground assessment and recovery. The major risks arising from subsoil LNAPL accumulation face human health and environment, gaining a social relevance also in the frame of a continuously changing climate. This paper reports on a literature review about the underground contamination by LNAPL, with the aims of providing a categorization of the aspects involved in this topic, analyzing the current state of the art, underlying potential lacks and future perspectives. The review was focused on papers published in the 2012-2022 time-interval, in journals indexed in Scopus and WoS databases, by querying "LNAPL" within article title, abstract and/or key words. 245 papers were collected and classified according to three "key approaches" -namely laboratory activity, field based-data studies and mathematical simulations- and subordinate "key themes", so to allow summarizing and commenting the main aspects based on the application setting, content and scope. Results show that there is a wide experience on plume dynamics and evolution, detection and monitoring through direct and indirect surveys, oil recovery and natural attenuation processes. Few cues of innovations were found regarding both the use of new materials and/or specific field configuration for remediation, and the application of new techniques for plume detection. Some limitations were found in the common oversimplification of the polluted media in laboratory or mathematical models, where the contamination is set within homogeneous porous environments, and in the low number of studies focused on rock masses, where the discontinuous hydraulic behavior complicates the address and modeling of the issue. This paper represents a reference for a quick update on the addressed topic, along with a starting point to develop new ideas and cues for the advance in one of the greatest environmental banes of the current century.
轻质非水相液体（LNAPL）造成的污染是一项挑战，因为对其进行地下评估和回收存在困难。地下LNAPL积累带来的主要风险危及人类健康和环境，在气候变化不断的背景下也具有社会相关性。本文报告了一篇关于LNAPL地下污染的文献综述，旨在对该主题涉及的各个方面进行分类，分析当前的技术水平，指出潜在的不足和未来的前景。该综述聚焦于2012年至2022年期间发表在Scopus和WoS数据库索引期刊上的论文，通过在文章标题、摘要和/或关键词中查询“LNAPL”来收集。共收集了245篇论文，并根据三种“关键方法”——即实验室活动、基于现场的数据研究和数学模拟——以及从属的“关键主题”进行分类，以便能够根据应用场景、内容和范围对主要方面进行总结和评论。结果表明，在羽流动力学与演化、通过直接和间接调查进行检测与监测、石油回收和自然衰减过程方面有丰富的经验。在使用新材料和/或特定的修复现场配置以及羽流检测新技术的应用方面，创新迹象较少。在实验室或数学模型中对污染介质普遍过度简化，将污染设定在均匀多孔环境中，以及关注岩体的研究数量较少，岩体中不连续的水力行为使该问题的处理和建模变得复杂，这些方面都存在一些局限性。本文是对所涉主题快速更新的参考资料，也是为解决本世纪最大的环境难题之一提出新想法和线索的起点。
