Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
Cotton Breeding Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Mar 2;23(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04131-z.
It is crucial to understand how targeted traits in a hybrid breeding program are influenced by gene activity and combining ability. During the three growing seasons of 2015, 2016, and 2017, a field study was conducted with twelve cotton genotypes, comprised of four testers and eight lines. Thirty-two F1 crosses were produced in the 2015 breeding season using the line x tester mating design. The twelve genotypes and their thirty-two F1 crosses were then evaluated in 2016 and 2017. The results demonstrated highly significant differences among cotton genotypes for all the studied traits, showing a wide range of genetic diversity in the parent genotypes. Additionally, the line-x-tester interaction was highly significant for all traits, suggesting the impact of both additive and non-additive variations in gene expression. Furthermore, the thirty-two cotton crosses showed high seed cotton output, lint cotton yield, and fiber quality, such as fiber length values exceeding 31 mm and a fiber strength above 10 g/tex. Accordingly, selecting lines and testers with high GCA effects and crosses with high SCA effects would be an effective approach to improve the desired traits in cotton and develop new varieties with excellent yield and fiber quality.
了解杂种选育计划中目标性状如何受到基因活性和组合能力的影响至关重要。在 2015、2016 和 2017 三个生长季节，进行了一项田间试验，涉及 12 个棉花基因型，包括 4 个测验种和 8 个品系。在 2015 年的选育季节，采用品系 x 测验种交配设计产生了 32 个 F1 杂交种。然后，在 2016 年和 2017 年评估了这 12 个基因型及其 32 个 F1 杂交种。结果表明，所有研究性状在棉花基因型之间存在高度显著差异，表明亲本基因型具有广泛的遗传多样性。此外，所有性状的品系 x 测验种互作均高度显著，表明基因表达中既有加性变异又有非加性变异的影响。此外，32 个棉花杂交种表现出较高的皮棉产量、细绒棉产量和纤维品质，如纤维长度值超过 31mm，纤维强度超过 10g/tex。因此，选择具有高一般配合力效应的品系和测验种，以及具有高特殊配合力效应的杂交种，将是提高棉花目标性状和开发具有优良产量和纤维品质的新品种的有效途径。
