Chourasia Kumar Nishant, Meena Jitendra Kumar, Bhowmick Rakesh, Mangal Vikas, Arroju Anil Kumar, R Thribhuvan, Kar Chandan Sourav, Bera Amit, Satya Pratik, Mitra Jiban, Kar Gouranga
Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Kolkata, India.
Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 26;16:1499256. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1499256. eCollection 2025.
The growing global demand and shift from synthetic to natural fibers highlight the need to overcome the yield plateau in jute production. Despite being a sustainable alternative to plastic, jute faces declining cultivation, making yield improvement crucial to meet increasing demand. In this direction, the study was designed to explore hybridization and combining ability to improve the genetic yield potential of jute. Using a diallel mating design, 90 hybrid combinations were evaluated along with 10 parental lines, focusing on traits such as fiber yield, plant height, basal diameter, stick weight, and green biomass. The investigation revealed JROBA 3 and JBO 1 as the most effective general combiners, highlighting their significant potential as parents to produce outstanding hybrids and generate good transgressive segregants. Among the tested hybrids, JROBA 3 × JRO 2407 was found to have very high specific combining ability (SCA), yielding 24.42% more than the national check variety, JRO 204. A correlation study was also conducted, revealing that stick weight had a strong positive correlation with fiber yield, highlighting it as a key factor in selecting high-yielding hybrids. This study also identified the hybrid JROBA 3 x JBO 1 which exhibited an 18% biomass yield advantage over the national check variety. Positive mid-parent heterosis and better-parent heterosis were observed in hybrids, further demonstrating the effectiveness of hybridization in jute breeding. Parent genetic diversity was characterized using intron-length polymorphism markers. Molecular diversity analysis categorized the varieties into two distinct clusters, suggesting possible avenues for integrating improved features into future jute types. This study has established the fact that heterosis breeding can efficiently improve fiber productivity through the involvement of non-additive gene action. The application of heterosis breeding to improve jute production presents a significant opportunity for breeders, aligning well with sustainable development goals and promoting the use of biodegradable fiber alternatives.
全球对黄麻需求的不断增长以及从合成纤维向天然纤维的转变凸显了克服黄麻产量瓶颈的必要性。尽管黄麻是塑料的可持续替代品，但黄麻种植面积却在减少，因此提高产量对于满足不断增长的需求至关重要。在此背景下，本研究旨在探索杂交及配合力，以提高黄麻的遗传产量潜力。采用双列杂交设计，对90个杂交组合以及10个亲本系进行了评估，重点关注纤维产量、株高、基部直径、茎秆重量和绿色生物量等性状。调查结果显示，JROBA 3和JBO 1是最有效的一般配合系，突出了它们作为亲本产生优异杂交种和优良超亲分离株的巨大潜力。在测试的杂交种中，JROBA 3×JRO 2407具有非常高的特殊配合力（SCA），比国家对照品种JRO 204增产24.42%。还进行了相关性研究，结果表明茎秆重量与纤维产量呈强正相关，突出了其作为选择高产杂交种的关键因素。本研究还鉴定出杂交种JROBA 3×JBO 1，其生物量产量比国家对照品种高18%。在杂交种中观察到正向的中亲杂种优势和超亲杂种优势，进一步证明了杂交在黄麻育种中的有效性。利用内含子长度多态性标记对亲本的遗传多样性进行了表征。分子多样性分析将这些品种分为两个不同的类群，为将改良性状整合到未来黄麻品种中提供了可能的途径。本研究证实了杂种优势育种可以通过非加性基因作用有效地提高纤维生产力。应用杂种优势育种提高黄麻产量为育种者提供了重大机遇，与可持续发展目标高度契合，并促进可生物降解纤维替代品的使用。
