Song Xuerong, Liu Haokun, Jin Junyan, Han Dong, Zhu Xiaoming, Yang Yunxia, Xie Shouqi
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2023 Feb 2;2023:7589827. doi: 10.1155/2023/7589827. eCollection 2023.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the application of common carbohydrate sources, cornstarch (CS), wheat starch (WS), and wheat flour (WF), to different gibel carp genotypes, Dongting, CASIII, and CASV. The results of the growth and physical responses were analysed by data visualization and unsupervised machine learning. As revealed by a self-organizing map (SOM) and the cluster of growth and biochemical indicators, CASV had superior growth and feed utilization and better regulation of postprandial glucose, followed by CASIII, while Dongting showed a high level of plasma glucose with poor growth performance. CS, WS, and WF were differently utilized by the gibel carp, and WF was associated with greater zootechnical performance based on higher specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein retention efficiency (PRE), and lipid retention efficiency (LRE), induced hepatic lipogenesis, increased liver lipids, and enhanced muscle glycogen. Spearman's correlation analysis of the physiological responses indicated that plasma glucose had a significantly negative correlation with growth, feed utilization, glycogen storage, and plasma cholesterol level, and it was positively related to liver fat content in gibel carp. Transcriptional variabilities were observed: CASIII showed increased expression of , which is involved in hepatic glycolysis, and and , which are involved in gluconeogenesis. Interestingly, Dongting showed upregulation of genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in muscle. Furthermore, there were numerous interactions between carbohydrate sources and strains for growth, metabolites, and transcriptional control, confirming the existence of genetic polymorphisms in carbohydrate use in gibel carp. Globally, CASV showed relatively better growth and carbohydrate utilization, and wheat flour seemed to be more efficiently utilized by gibel carp.
进行了一项为期8周的饲养试验，以评估常见碳水化合物来源玉米淀粉（CS）、小麦淀粉（WS）和小麦粉（WF）在不同银鲫基因型（洞庭、中科院III号和中科院V号）中的应用。通过数据可视化和无监督机器学习分析生长和生理反应结果。自组织映射（SOM）以及生长和生化指标聚类结果显示，中科院V号具有优越的生长性能和饲料利用率，对餐后血糖的调节更好，其次是中科院III号，而洞庭的血糖水平较高，生长性能较差。银鲫对CS、WS和WF的利用方式不同，基于更高的特定生长率（SGR）、饲料效率（FE）、蛋白质保留效率（PRE）和脂质保留效率（LRE），WF与更好的畜牧学性能相关，可诱导肝脏脂肪生成、增加肝脏脂质并增强肌肉糖原。对生理反应的Spearman相关性分析表明，血浆葡萄糖与银鲫的生长、饲料利用率、糖原储存和血浆胆固醇水平呈显著负相关，与肝脏脂肪含量呈正相关。观察到转录变异性：中科院III号显示参与肝脏糖酵解的基因以及参与糖异生的基因和 的表达增加。有趣的是，洞庭在肌肉中显示参与糖酵解和脂肪酸氧化的基因上调。此外，碳水化合物来源与品系在生长、代谢物和转录控制方面存在许多相互作用，证实了银鲫在碳水化合物利用方面存在基因多态性。总体而言，中科院V号显示出相对较好的生长和碳水化合物利用，小麦粉似乎能被银鲫更有效地利用。
