Xu Wenjie, Jin Junyan, Han Dong, Liu Haokun, Zhu Xiaoming, Yang Yunxia, Xie Shouqi
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2019 Feb;45(1):267-286. doi: 10.1007/s10695-018-0560-7. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
The present study investigated differences in the utilization of fishmeal (FM) and rapeseed meal (RM) by gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) and explored the effects of protein sources on the responses of different genotypes. Gibel carp strains A (4.12 ± 0.03 g) and F (3.47 ± 0.00 g) were fed FM diet or RM diet for 56 days, and after which, growth performance, body composition, hematologic indices, and hepatic transcriptomes were measured. The effects of strain and diet on growth performance, body composition, and hematologic indices were analyzed by two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed that total replacement of FM with RM caused poor growth and feed utilization in both strains as well as the existence of genotype-diet interactions. Strain A showed better growth performance than strain F in the FM group, while the strain F grew better than strain A in the RM group. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the three main biological processes affected by the RM diet were amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and digestive system. The different responses to the RM diet between strains were involved in amino acid metabolism, immune responses, and lipid metabolism. Identifying the underlying mechanisms by which different strains differently respond to meal sources might be the basis to develop a selective breeding program towards strains accepting alternative meal sources.
本研究调查了异育银鲫（Carassius gibelio）对鱼粉（FM）和菜籽粕（RM）利用的差异，并探讨了蛋白质来源对不同基因型反应的影响。将异育银鲫A品系（4.12±0.03 g）和F品系（3.47±0.00 g）投喂FM日粮或RM日粮56天，之后测定生长性能、鱼体组成、血液学指标和肝脏转录组。通过双向协方差分析（ANCOVA）分析品系和日粮对生长性能、鱼体组成和血液学指标的影响。结果表明，用RM完全替代FM会导致两个品系生长和饲料利用率不佳，以及存在基因型-日粮互作。在FM组中，A品系的生长性能优于F品系，而在RM组中F品系生长得比A品系更好。转录组分析表明，受RM日粮影响的三个主要生物学过程是氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢和消化系统。品系间对RM日粮的不同反应涉及氨基酸代谢、免疫反应和脂质代谢。确定不同品系对饲料来源产生不同反应的潜在机制可能是制定针对接受替代饲料来源品系的选择性育种计划的基础。
