Sari E, Er S T, Demir E
School of Business and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9010, Norway; Division for Health and Social Sciences, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
Institute of Law and Economics, University of Hamburg, Johnsallee 35, Hamburg 20148, Germany.
Public Health. 2023 Apr;217:74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.026. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
This empirical study investigated the relationship between globalisation and suicide rates. We examined whether there is a beneficial or harmful relationship between economic, political and social globalisation and the suicide rate. We also estimated whether this relationship differs in high-, middle- and low-income countries.
Using panel data from 190 countries over the period 1990-2019, we examined the relationship between globalisation and suicide.
We compared the estimated effect of globalisation on suicide rates using robust fixed-effects models. Our results were robust to dynamic models and models with country-specific time trends.
The effect of the KOF Globalisation Index on suicide was initially positive, leading to an increase in the suicide rate before decreasing. Concerning the effects of economic, political, and social dimensions of globalisation, we found a similar inverted U-shaped relationship. Unlike the middle-income and high-income countries, we found a U-shaped relationship for the case of low-income countries, indicating that suicide decreased with globalisation and then increased as globalisation continues to increase. Moreover, the effect of political globalisation disappeared in low-income countries.
Policy-makers in high- and middle-income countries, below the turning points, and low-income countries, above the turning points, must protect vulnerable groups from globalisation's disruptive forces, which can increase social inequality. Consideration of local and global factors of suicide will potentially stimulate the development of measures that might reduce the suicide rate.
本实证研究调查了全球化与自杀率之间的关系。我们研究了经济、政治和社会全球化与自杀率之间是存在有益还是有害的关系。我们还估计了这种关系在高收入、中等收入和低收入国家是否有所不同。
利用1990年至2019年期间190个国家的面板数据，我们研究了全球化与自杀之间的关系。
我们使用稳健固定效应模型比较了全球化对自杀率的估计影响。我们的结果对动态模型和具有国家特定时间趋势的模型具有稳健性。
KOF全球化指数对自杀的影响最初是积极的，导致自杀率在下降之前有所上升。关于全球化的经济、政治和社会层面的影响，我们发现了类似的倒U形关系。与中等收入和高收入国家不同，我们发现低收入国家的情况呈U形关系，这表明自杀率随着全球化的发展先下降，然后随着全球化的持续增加而上升。此外，政治全球化的影响在低收入国家消失了。
在转折点以下的高收入和中等收入国家以及在转折点以上的低收入国家，政策制定者必须保护弱势群体免受全球化破坏力量的影响，因为这些力量会加剧社会不平等。考虑自杀的本地和全球因素可能会促进降低自杀率措施的制定。
