Oberlander Lisa, Disdier Anne-Célia, Etilé Fabrice
Paris School of Economics, Paris, France.
Paris School of Economics, -INRA, Paris, France.
Health Econ. 2017 Sep;26(9):1146-1161. doi: 10.1002/hec.3521. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Using a panel dataset of 70 countries spanning 42 years (1970-2011), we investigate the distinct effects of social globalisation and trade openness on national trends in markers of diet quality (supplies of animal proteins, free fats and sugar, average body mass index, and diabetes prevalence). Our key methodological contribution is the application of a grouped fixed-effects estimator, which extends linear fixed-effects models. The grouped fixed-effects estimator partitions our sample into distinct groups of countries in order to control for time-varying unobserved heterogeneity that follows a group-specific pattern. We find that increasing social globalisation has a significant impact on the supplies of animal protein and sugar available for human consumption, as well as on mean body mass index. Specific components of social globalisation such as information flows (via television and the Internet) drive these results. Trade openness has no effect on dietary outcomes or health. These findings suggest that the social and cultural aspects of globalisation should receive greater attention in research on the nutrition transition.
我们使用一个涵盖70个国家、跨越42年（1970 - 2011年）的面板数据集，研究社会全球化和贸易开放对饮食质量指标（动物蛋白供应、游离脂肪和糖的供应、平均体重指数以及糖尿病患病率）的国家趋势的不同影响。我们关键的方法学贡献是应用了分组固定效应估计器，它扩展了线性固定效应模型。分组固定效应估计器将我们的样本划分为不同的国家组，以控制遵循特定组模式的随时间变化的未观察到的异质性。我们发现，社会全球化程度的提高对可供人类消费的动物蛋白和糖的供应以及平均体重指数有显著影响。社会全球化的特定组成部分，如（通过电视和互联网）信息流推动了这些结果。贸易开放对饮食结果或健康没有影响。这些发现表明，在营养转型研究中，全球化的社会和文化方面应得到更多关注。
