Fanalli Simara Larissa, da Silva Bruna Pereira Martins, Gomes Julia Dezen, de Almeida Vivian Vezzoni, Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro, Silva-Vignato Bárbara, Afonso Juliana, Freitas Felipe André Oliveira, Reecy James Mark, Koltes James Eugene, Koltes Dawn, Garrick Dorian, de Almeida Regitano Luciana Correia, de Carvalho Balieiro Júlio César, Mourão Gerson Barreto, Coutinho Luiz Lehmann, Fukumasu Heidge, Poleti Mirele Daiana, de Alencar Severino Matias, Luchiari Filho Albino, Cesar Aline Silva Mello
Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, FZEAPirassununga, Brazil.
Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 Mar 3;23(1):73. doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-00997-2.
Pork is of great importance in world trade and represents the largest source of fatty acids in the human diet. Lipid sources such as soybean oil (SOY), canola (CO), and fish oil (FO) are used in pig diets and influence blood parameters and the ratio of deposited fatty acids. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate changes in gene expression in porcine skeletal muscle tissue resulting from the dietary oil sources and to identify metabolic pathways and biological process networks through RNA-Seq. The addition of FO in the diet of pigs led to intramuscular lipid with a higher FA profile composition of C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, and SFA (C16:0 and C18:0). Blood parameters for the FO group showed lower cholesterol and HDL content compared with CO and SOY groups. Skeletal muscle transcriptome analyses revealed 65 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR 10%) between CO vs SOY, and 32 DEG for CO vs FO, and 531 DEG for SOY vs FO comparison. Several genes, including AZGP1, PDE3B, APOE, PLIN1, and LIPS, were found to be down-regulated in the diet of the SOY group compared to the FO group. The enrichment analysis revealed DEG involved in lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, and inflammation between the oil groups, with specific gene functions in each group and altered blood parameters. The results provide mechanisms to help us understand the behavior of genes according to fatty acids.
猪肉在世界贸易中具有重要地位，是人类饮食中脂肪酸的最大来源。猪日粮中使用了大豆油（SOY）、菜籽油（CO）和鱼油（FO）等脂质来源，这些会影响血液参数和沉积脂肪酸的比例。在本研究中，主要目的是评估日粮油源对猪骨骼肌组织基因表达的影响，并通过RNA测序确定代谢途径和生物过程网络。在猪日粮中添加鱼油导致肌肉内脂质中C20:5 n-3、C22:6 n-3和饱和脂肪酸（C16:0和C18:0）的脂肪酸组成更高。与菜籽油组和大豆油组相比，鱼油组的血液参数显示胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量较低。骨骼肌转录组分析显示，菜籽油组与大豆油组之间有65个差异表达基因（DEG，错误发现率10%），菜籽油组与鱼油组之间有32个差异表达基因，大豆油组与鱼油组之间有531个差异表达基因。与鱼油组相比，发现包括AZGP1、PDE3B、APOE、PLIN1和LIPS在内的几个基因在大豆油组日粮中表达下调。富集分析显示，油组之间的差异表达基因参与脂质代谢、代谢疾病和炎症，每组具有特定的基因功能且血液参数发生改变。这些结果为我们理解基因根据脂肪酸的行为提供了机制。
