The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Paediatrics, Warsaw, Poland.
Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2023 May 1;26(3):253-258. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000909. Epub 2022 Dec 30.
The aim is to provide updated information on the concept of postbiotics and recent data on the efficacy of postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of childhood diseases.
In line with a recently proposed consensus definition, a postbiotic is 'a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host'. Although inanimate, postbiotics may exert health benefits. There are only limited data on infant formulas containing postbiotics, but they are well tolerated, support adequate growth and demonstrate no potential identifiable risks, although clinical benefits remain limited. Currently, there is only limited support for postbiotic use for treating diarrhoea and preventing common paediatric infectious diseases in young children. Given the limited evidence, sometimes with a high risk of bias, caution is justified. No data in older children and adolescents are available.
The consensus definition of postbiotics facilitates further research. As not all postbiotics are the same, the type of disease and specific postbiotic studied should be considered when choosing postbiotics for the prevention or treatment of childhood diseases. Additional studies are needed to assess disease conditions responsive to postbiotics. Mechanisms of action of postbiotics need to be evaluated and characterized.
目的：提供后生元概念的最新信息，以及后生元在预防和治疗儿童疾病方面的疗效的最新数据。
发现：根据最近提出的共识定义，后生元是“一种无生命的微生物及其成分的制剂，对宿主有健康益处”。尽管是无生命的，但后生元可能具有健康益处。含有后生元的婴儿配方粉的数据有限，但它们耐受性良好，支持充足的生长，且无潜在的可识别风险，尽管临床获益仍有限。目前，后生元在治疗腹泻和预防幼儿常见感染性疾病方面的应用仅得到有限的支持。鉴于证据有限，有时存在高偏倚风险，谨慎是合理的。在较大的儿童和青少年中尚无数据。
总结：后生元的共识定义促进了进一步的研究。由于并非所有后生元都相同，因此在选择后生元预防或治疗儿童疾病时，应考虑疾病类型和研究的特定后生元。需要进一步的研究来评估对后生元有反应的疾病状况。需要评估和描述后生元的作用机制。
