Vinderola Gabriel, Sanders Mary Ellen, Salminen Seppo
Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO 80122, USA.
Foods. 2022 Apr 8;11(8):1077. doi: 10.3390/foods11081077.
The scientific community has proposed terms such as non-viable probiotics, paraprobiotics, ghostbiotics, heat-inactivated probiotics or, most commonly, postbiotics, to refer to inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer health benefits. This article addresses the various characteristics of different definitions of 'postbiotics' that have emerged over past years. In 2021, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) defined a postbiotic as "a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". This definition of postbiotic requires that the whole or components of inactivated microbes be present, with or without metabolic end products. The definition proposed by ISAPP is comprehensive enough to allow the development of postbiotics from different microorganisms, to be applied in different body sites, encouraging innovation in a promising area for any regulatory category and for companion or production animals, and plant or human health. From a technological perspective, probiotic products may contain inanimate microorganisms, which have the potential to impart a health benefit. However, their contribution to health in most cases has not been established, even if at least one probiotic has been shown to confer the same health benefit by live or inanimate cells.
科学界提出了诸如非活性益生菌、副益生菌、类菌生物、热灭活益生菌，或者最常见的后生元等术语，来指代具有健康益处的无生命微生物和/或其成分。本文探讨了过去几年出现的不同“后生元”定义的各种特征。2021年，国际益生菌和益生元科学协会（ISAPP）将后生元定义为“一种无生命微生物和/或其成分的制剂，能给宿主带来健康益处”。后生元的这一定义要求存在灭活微生物的全部或成分，无论有无代谢终产物。ISAPP提出的定义足够全面，能够开发来自不同微生物的后生元，应用于不同身体部位，鼓励在任何监管类别以及伴侣动物或生产动物、植物或人类健康这一有前景的领域进行创新。从技术角度来看，益生菌产品可能含有无生命微生物，它们有可能带来健康益处。然而，即使至少有一种益生菌已被证明活细胞或无生命细胞能带来相同的健康益处，在大多数情况下，它们对健康的贡献尚未得到证实。
