Paiva Rodrigo C, Moura Cesar A, Thomas Pete, Haberl Ben, Greiner Laura, Rademacher Christopher J, Silva Ana Paula S P, Trevisan Giovani, Linhares Daniel C L, Silva Gustavo S
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Iowa Select Farm Inc, Iowa Falls, IA, USA.
Prev Vet Med. 2023 Apr;213:105883. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105883. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Sow mortality has significantly increased throughout the world over the past several years, and it is a growing concern to the global swine industry. Sow mortality increases economic losses, including higher replacement rates, affects employees' morale, and raises concerns about animal well-being and sustainability. This study aimed to assess herd-level risk factors associated with sow mortality in a large swine production system in the Midwestern United States. This retrospective observational study used available production, health, nutritional, and management information between July 2019 and December 2021. A Poisson mixed regression model was used to identify the risk factors and to build a multivariate model using the weekly mortality rate per 1000 sows as the outcome. Different models were used to identify the risk factors according to this study's main reasons for sow mortality (total death, sudden death, lameness, and prolapse). The main reported causes of sow mortality were sudden death (31.22 %), lameness (28.78 %), prolapse (28.02 %), and other causes (11.99 %). The median (25th-75th percentile) distribution of the crude sow mortality rate/1000 sows was 3.37 (2.19 - 4.16). Breeding herds classified as epidemic for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were associated with higher total death, sudden death, and lameness death. Open pen gestation was associated with a higher total death and lameness compared with stalls. Pulses of feed medication was associated with lower sow mortality rate for all outcomes. Farms not performing bump feeding were associated with higher sow mortality due to lameness and prolapses, while Senecavirus A (SVA)-positive herds were associated with a higher mortality rate for total deaths and deaths due to lameness. Disease interactions (herds Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae positive and epidemic for PRRSV; SVA positive herds and epidemic for PRRSV) were associated with higher mortality rates compared to farms with single disease status. This study identified and measured the major risk factors associated with total sow mortality rate, sudden deaths, lameness deaths, and prolapse deaths in breeding herds under field conditions.
在过去几年中，全球母猪死亡率显著上升，这已成为全球养猪业日益关注的问题。母猪死亡率增加了经济损失，包括更高的更新率，影响员工士气，并引发对动物福利和可持续性的担忧。本研究旨在评估美国中西部一个大型养猪生产系统中与母猪死亡率相关的畜群水平风险因素。这项回顾性观察研究使用了2019年7月至2021年12月期间可用的生产、健康、营养和管理信息。采用泊松混合回归模型来识别风险因素，并以每1000头母猪的每周死亡率为结果构建多变量模型。根据本研究中母猪死亡的主要原因（总死亡、猝死、跛行和脱垂），使用不同的模型来识别风险因素。报告的母猪死亡主要原因是猝死（31.22%）、跛行（28.78%）、脱垂（28.02%）和其他原因（11.99%）。每1000头母猪的粗死亡率中位数（第25-75百分位数）分布为3.37（2.19-4.16）。被归类为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）流行的繁殖猪群与更高的总死亡、猝死和跛行死亡相关。与限位栏相比，开放式妊娠栏与更高的总死亡和跛行相关。饲料加药脉冲与所有结果的较低母猪死亡率相关。未进行冲击式饲喂的农场因跛行和脱垂导致的母猪死亡率较高，而感染A组赛尼卡病毒（SVA）的猪群总死亡和跛行死亡的死亡率较高。与单一疾病状态的农场相比，疾病相互作用（猪肺炎支原体阳性且PRRSV流行的猪群；SVA阳性且PRRSV流行的猪群）与更高的死亡率相关。本研究确定并测量了田间条件下繁殖猪群中与母猪总死亡率、猝死、跛行死亡和脱垂死亡相关的主要风险因素。
