Dozza Marco, Li Tianyou, Billstein Lucas, Svernlöv Christoffer, Rasch Alexander
The Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. Electronic address: https://www.chalmers.se/en/staff/Pages/marco-dozza.aspx.
The Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
J Safety Res. 2023 Feb;84:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.005. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
While micromobility vehicles offer new transport opportunities and may decrease fuel emissions, the extent to which these benefits outweigh the safety costs is still uncertain. For instance, e-scooterists have been reported to experience a tenfold crash risk compared to ordinary cyclists. Today, we still do not know whether the real safety problem is the vehicle, the human, or the infrastructure. In other words, the new vehicles may not necessarily be unsafe; the behavior of their riders, in combination with an infrastructure that was not designed to accommodate micromobility, may be the real issue.
In this paper, we compared e-scooters and Segways with bicycles in field trials to determine whether these new vehicles create different constraints for longitudinal control (e.g., in braking avoidance maneuvers).
The results show that acceleration and deceleration performance changes across vehicles; specifically, e-scooters and Segways that we tested cannot brake as efficiently as bicycles. Further, bicycles are experienced as more stable, maneuverable, and safe than Segways and e-scooters. We also derived kinematic models for acceleration and braking that can be used to predict rider trajectories in active safety systems.
The results from this study suggest that, while new micromobility solutions may not be intrinsically unsafe, they may require some behavior and/or infrastructure adaptations to improve their safety. We also discuss how policy making, safety system design, and traffic education may use our results to support the safe integration of micromobility into the transport system.
虽然微出行车辆提供了新的交通机会，并可能减少燃油排放，但这些好处在多大程度上超过安全成本仍不确定。例如，据报道，电动滑板车骑行者遭遇事故的风险是普通自行车骑行者的十倍。如今，我们仍然不知道真正的安全问题是车辆、人还是基础设施。换句话说，新车辆不一定不安全；其骑行者的行为，再加上未设计用于容纳微出行的基础设施，可能才是真正的问题所在。
在本文中，我们在实地试验中将电动滑板车和赛格威与自行车进行了比较，以确定这些新车辆在纵向控制方面（例如在制动避让操作中）是否会带来不同的限制。
结果表明，不同车辆的加速和减速性能有所变化；具体而言，我们测试的电动滑板车和赛格威的制动效率不如自行车。此外，自行车比赛格威和电动滑板车更稳定、更易操控且更安全。我们还推导了用于加速和制动的运动学模型，可用于预测主动安全系统中的骑行者轨迹。
本研究结果表明，虽然新的微出行解决方案本身可能并非不安全，但可能需要一些行为和/或基础设施方面的调整来提高其安全性。我们还讨论了政策制定、安全系统设计和交通教育如何利用我们的结果来支持微出行安全融入交通系统。
