Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India.
Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India; Department of Mathematics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 May;324:138267. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138267. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
The rapid mining activities of mica mines in Giridih district, India, have led to toxic metal pollution of agricultural soil. This is a key concern for environmental risk and human health. 63 top soil samples were collected at a distance of 10 m (Zone 1), 50 m (Zone 2), and 100 m (Zone 3) from near 21 mica mines with agriculture fields. The mean concentration of total and bio-available toxic elements (TEs - Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) was higher in zone 1 across three zones. The Positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and Pearson Correlation analysis were used to identify waste mica soils with TEs. Based on PMF results, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb were the most promising pollutants and carried higher environmental risks than the other TEs. Using the self-organizing map (SOM), zone 1 was identified as a high-potential source of TEs. Soil quality indexes for TEs risk zone 1 were found to be higher across three zones. Based on the health risk index (HI), children are more adversely affected than adults. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) model and sensitivity analysis of total carcinogenic risk (TCR), children were more affected by Cr and Ni than adults through ingestion exposure pathways. Finally, a geostatistical tool was developed to predict the spatial distribution patterns of TEs contributed by mica mines. In a probabilistic assessment of all populations, non-carcinogenic risks appeared to be negligible. The fact that there is a TCR can't be ignored, and children are more likely to develop it than adults. Mica mines with TEs contamination were found to be the most significant anthropogenic contributor to health risks based on source-oriented risk assessment.
印度吉里迪格区云母矿的快速开采活动导致农田土壤受到有毒金属污染。这是一个对环境风险和人类健康的关键关注点。从 21 个云母矿附近的农田中，以 10 米（第 1 区）、50 米（第 2 区）和 100 米（第 3 区）的距离采集了 63 个表层土壤样本。在三个区域中，第 1 区的总可利用有毒元素（TEs - Cr、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn 和 Cd）的平均浓度更高。正矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）和 Pearson 相关分析用于识别含 TEs 的废云母土壤。基于 PMF 结果，Ni、Cr、Cd 和 Pb 是最有前途的污染物，其环境风险高于其他 TEs。使用自组织映射（SOM），第 1 区被确定为 TEs 的高潜力源区。在三个区域中，TEs 风险区 1 的土壤质量指数被发现更高。根据健康风险指数（HI），儿童比成年人受到的影响更大。蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）模型和总致癌风险（TCR）的敏感性分析表明，通过摄入暴露途径，儿童比成年人更容易受到 Cr 和 Ni 的影响。最后，开发了一个地质统计学工具来预测云母矿造成的 TEs 的空间分布模式。在对所有人群进行概率评估时，非致癌风险似乎可以忽略不计。事实上，存在 TCR 不容忽视，儿童比成年人更容易患上 TCR。基于面向源的风险评估，发现受 TEs 污染的云母矿是对健康风险最具显著影响的人为因素。
