College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.
Phytochemistry. 2023 Jun;210:113626. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113626. Epub 2023 Mar 4.
A. calamus var. angustatus Besser is an important traditional medicinal herb commonly used in China and other Asian countries. This study is the first systematic review of the literature to thoroughly analyze the ethnopharmacological application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetic properties of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser and provides a rationale for future research and prospects for application in clinical treatment. Information on relevant studies investigating A. calamus var. angustatus Besser was collected from SciFinder, the Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ACS, Flora of China, and Baidu Scholar, etc. up to December 2022. In addition, information was also obtained from Pharmacopeias, books on Chinese herbal classics, local books, as well as PhD and MS dissertations. A. calamus var. angustatus Besser has played an important role in the herbal treatment of coma, convulsion, amnesia, and dementia for thousands of years. Studies investigating the chemical constituents of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser have isolated and identified 234 small-molecule compounds and a few polysaccharides. Among them, simple phenylpropanoids represented by asarone analogues and lignans are the two main active ingredients, which can be considered characteristic chemotaxonomic markers of this herb. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies indicated that crude extracts and active compounds from A. calamus var. angustatus Besser display a wide range of pharmacological activities, especially as treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and anticonvulsant, antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, anti-fatigue, anti-Parkinson, neuroprotection, and brain protection properties, providing more evidence to explain the traditional medicinal uses and ethnopharmacology. The clinical therapeutic dose of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser does not present any toxic effects, but its main active ingredients α-asarone and β-asarone at excessive dose may lead to toxicity, and in particular, their respective epoxide metabolites may exert potential toxicity to the liver. This review provides a reference and further information for the future development and clinical application of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser.
菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲是一种重要的传统药用草本植物，在中国和其他亚洲国家广泛使用。本研究是对菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲文献的系统综述，深入分析了其民族药理学应用、植物化学、药理学、毒理学和药代动力学特性，为未来的研究提供了依据，并展望了其在临床治疗中的应用前景。从 SciFinder、Web of Science、PubMed、CNKI、Elsevier、ResearchGate、ACS、《中国植物志》和百度学术等数据库中收集了截至 2022 年 12 月与菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲相关的研究信息。此外，还从《药典》、中草药经典著作、地方书籍、博士和硕士论文中获取了相关信息。菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲在治疗昏迷、惊厥、健忘和痴呆方面已有数千年的草药应用历史。对菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲化学成分的研究已经分离和鉴定了 234 种小分子化合物和一些多糖。其中，以菖蒲酮类似物和木脂素为代表的简单苯丙素类化合物是两种主要的活性成分，可作为该草药的特征化学分类标志物。体外和体内药理学研究表明，菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲的粗提取物和活性化合物具有广泛的药理活性，特别是在治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）、抗惊厥、抗抑郁样、抗焦虑样、抗疲劳、抗帕金森、神经保护和脑保护方面，为传统药用用途和民族药理学提供了更多证据。菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲的临床治疗剂量没有表现出任何毒性作用，但它的主要活性成分α-细辛脑和β-细辛脑在过量时可能会导致毒性，特别是它们各自的环氧化物代谢物可能对肝脏产生潜在毒性。本综述为菖蒲变种狭叶菖蒲的未来开发和临床应用提供了参考和进一步的信息。
