Huang Xiuxiu, Zhang Shifang, Fang Yuxi, Zhao Xiaoyan, Cao Ting, Sun Yongan, Wan Qiaoqin
School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2023 Mar 3. doi: 10.2174/1567205020666230303110244.
Sleep problems are very prevalent in older adults, especially in those at risk for dementia. But the relationships between sleep parameters and subjective or objective cognitive decline are still inconclusive.
The study aimed to investigate the self-reported and objectively measured sleep characteristics in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
This study adopted a cross-sectional design. We included older adults with SCD or MCI. Sleep quality was measured separately by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and ActiGraph. Participants with SCD were divided into low, moderate, and high levels of SCD groups. Independent samples T-tests, one-way ANOVA, or nonparametric tests were used to compare the sleep parameters across groups. Covariance analyses were also performed to control the covariates.
Around half of the participants (45.9%) reported poor sleep quality (PSQI＜7), and 71.3% of participants slept less than 7 hours per night, as measured by ActiGraph. Participants with MCI showed shorter time in bed (TIB) (p＜0.05), a tendency of shorter total sleep time (TST) at night (p = 0.074) and for each 24-hour cycle (p = 0.069), compared to those with SCD. The high SCD group reported the highest PSQI total score and longest sleep latency than all the other three groups (p＜0.05). Both the MCI and high SCD groups had shorter TIB and TST for each 24-hour cycle than the low or moderate SCD groups. Besides, participants with multiple-domain SCD reported poorer sleep quality than those with single-domain SCD (p＜0.05).
Sleep dysregulation is prevalent in older adults with a risk for dementia. Our findings revealed that objectively measured sleep duration might be an early sign of MCI. Individuals with high levels of SCD demonstrated poorerself-perceived sleep quality and deserved more attention. Improving sleep quality might be a potential target to prevent cognitive decline for people with a risk for dementia.
睡眠问题在老年人中非常普遍，尤其是那些有患痴呆症风险的人。但是睡眠参数与主观或客观认知衰退之间的关系仍无定论。
本研究旨在调查患有轻度认知障碍（MCI）和主观认知衰退（SCD）的老年人自我报告的和客观测量的睡眠特征。
本研究采用横断面设计。我们纳入了患有SCD或MCI的老年人。睡眠质量分别通过匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和活动记录仪进行测量。患有SCD的参与者被分为SCD低、中、高三个水平组。采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析或非参数检验来比较各组之间的睡眠参数。还进行了协方差分析以控制协变量。
约一半的参与者（45.9%）报告睡眠质量差（PSQI＜7），通过活动记录仪测量，71.3%的参与者每晚睡眠时间不足7小时。与患有SCD的参与者相比，患有MCI的参与者卧床时间（TIB）更短（p＜0.05），夜间总睡眠时间（TST）有缩短趋势（p = 0.074），每24小时周期的TST也有缩短趋势（p = 0.069）。高SCD组报告的PSQI总分最高，睡眠潜伏期最长，高于其他三组（p＜0.05）。MCI组和高SCD组每24小时周期的TIB和TST均比低或中度SCD组短。此外，多领域SCD参与者报告的睡眠质量比单领域SCD参与者差（p＜0.05）。
睡眠失调在有患痴呆症风险的老年人中很普遍。我们的研究结果表明，客观测量的睡眠时间可能是MCI的早期迹象。SCD水平高的个体自我感知的睡眠质量较差，值得更多关注。改善睡眠质量可能是预防有患痴呆症风险人群认知衰退的一个潜在目标。
