学前执行控制是否在十年后调节了早期环境的不可预测性和剥夺对精神病理学一般因素的影响？
Does preschool executive control mediate the impact of early environmental unpredictability and deprivation on the general factor of psychopathology a decade later?
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Office of Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
出版信息
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;64(10):1505-1516. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13775. Epub 2023 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND
Although deprivation has been consistently shown to increase risk for psychopathology through impaired executive control, the unique effects of other dimensions of early adversity, such as unpredictability, on executive control development are poorly understood. The current study evaluated whether deprivation and/or unpredictability early in life have unique effects on the general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control.
METHODS
Participants included 312 children (51% female) oversampled for greater sociodemographic risk. Preschool executive control was measured using a battery of nine developmentally appropriate executive control tasks. Dimensions of adversity were measured with observational and caregiver assessments, and psychopathology was measured with caregiver and child reports.
RESULTS
In separate models, both deprivation and unpredictability had significant indirect effects on the adolescent general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control. However, when both dimensions of adversity were included simultaneously, early life deprivation, but not unpredictability, was uniquely associated with the general factor of psychopathology in adolescence through impaired preschool executive control.
CONCLUSIONS
Preschool executive control appears to be a transdiagnostic mechanism through which deprivation, but not unpredictability, increases risk for the general factor of psychopathology in adolescence. Results elucidate potential transdiagnostic targets for intervention efforts aimed at reducing the development and maintenance of psychopathology across the life span.
背景
尽管剥夺已经被一致证明会通过损害执行控制来增加精神病理学的风险，但其他早期逆境维度（如不可预测性）对执行控制发展的独特影响还知之甚少。本研究评估了生活早期的剥夺和/或不可预测性是否通过损害学龄前执行控制对精神病理学的一般因素有独特的影响。
方法
参与者包括 312 名儿童（51%为女性），这些儿童是为了更大的社会经济风险而被抽样的。使用一系列九个适合发展的执行控制任务来测量学龄前执行控制。逆境的维度是通过观察和照顾者评估来测量的，而精神病理学是通过照顾者和儿童报告来测量的。
结果
在单独的模型中，剥夺和不可预测性都通过损害学龄前执行控制对青少年精神病理学的一般因素有显著的间接影响。然而，当同时考虑到逆境的两个维度时，生活早期的剥夺而不是不可预测性，通过损害学龄前执行控制与青少年时期的精神病理学一般因素有独特的关联。
结论
学龄前执行控制似乎是一种跨诊断机制，通过这种机制，剥夺而不是不可预测性，增加了青少年时期精神病理学一般因素的风险。研究结果阐明了潜在的跨诊断靶点，这些靶点可以为干预努力提供参考，旨在减少整个生命周期中精神病理学的发展和维持。
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