Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Child Care Health Dev. 2023 Nov;49(6):1006-1018. doi: 10.1111/cch.13111. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Children with specific learning disorders (SLD) may have issues in cognitive, motor, and academic skills, affecting their mental health and level of participation in academic and nonacademic activities at school and in everyday life. Research shows that perceptual-motor (PM) exercises and physical activities can improve the cognitive and motor skills of typically developing children. To use PM exercises as an intervention in clinical practice for children with learning disorders, or to use it in future research, it seems necessary to discuss and summarize the existing documents in this group of children.
We aimed to appraise the extent, and the quality of studies about PM interventions for enhancing cognitive, motor, and academic skills in children with learning disorders.
The search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 were searched in the following scientific databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Science direct, and Google Scholar. The study eligibility criteria were previously established according to the PICOS model. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool (ROB2) was used to assess the risk of bias.
The initial search yielded 2160 studies among which 10 studies were systematically reviewed. The total number of participants was 483 children (intervention: 251; control: 232). Findings showed significant improvements in cognitive skills (n = 7/8) such as working memory, attention, and information processing speed. In addition, studies showed that PM and physical activity interventions could increase academic performance (n = 4/5) and motor skills (n = 5/5) in children with LD. Results regarding the mental health effects of PM exercises (n = 1/3) are few in number and contradicting.
PM exercises may positively affect cognitive, motor, and academic skills in children with SLD; However, due to the small number of studies, fair methodological quality, and high risk of bias, caution should be taken when interpreting the results.
患有特定学习障碍 (SLD) 的儿童可能在认知、运动和学业技能方面存在问题，这会影响他们的心理健康以及在学校和日常生活中参与学术和非学术活动的水平。研究表明，知觉运动 (PM) 练习和体育活动可以提高正常发育儿童的认知和运动技能。为了将 PM 练习作为学习障碍儿童的临床干预措施加以应用，或者将其用于未来的研究，似乎有必要对这一组儿童的现有文献进行讨论和总结。
我们旨在评估针对增强学习障碍儿童认知、运动和学业技能的 PM 干预措施的研究范围和质量。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南进行检索。在 2000 年 1 月至 2022 年 6 月期间，在以下科学数据库中搜索了已发表的文章：PubMed、Medline、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar。根据 PICOS 模型预先确定了研究的纳入标准。使用 Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) 量表评估研究的方法学质量，使用 Cochrane 协作工具 (ROB2) 评估偏倚风险。
初步搜索共产生了 2160 项研究，其中有 10 项进行了系统评价。总共有 483 名儿童（干预组：251 名；对照组：232 名）参与了研究。研究结果表明，认知技能（7/8 项研究），如工作记忆、注意力和信息处理速度，有显著改善。此外，研究表明，PM 和体育活动干预可以提高学习障碍儿童的学业成绩（4/5 项研究）和运动技能（5/5 项研究）。关于 PM 练习对心理健康影响的研究（3/1 项研究）数量较少且相互矛盾。
PM 练习可能会对 SLD 儿童的认知、运动和学业技能产生积极影响；然而，由于研究数量较少、方法学质量一般和偏倚风险较高，在解释结果时应谨慎。
