Li Xianghui, Wang Haoran, Li Zhiyan, Tao Feng, Wu Jinhui, Guan Wenxian, Liu Song
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Depatment of Dermatology, Nanning, China.
Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Front Oncol. 2023 Feb 16;12:1085432. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085432. eCollection 2022.
Radiotherapy remains the major therapeutic intervention for tumor patients. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment leads to treatment resistance. Recently, a burgeoning number of nano-radiosensitizers designed to increase the oxygen concentration in tumors were reported. These nano radiosensitizers served as oxygen carriers, oxygen generators, and even sustained oxygen pumps, attracting increased research interest. In this review, we focus on the novel oxygen-enrich nano radiosensitizers, which we call oxygen switches, and highlight their influence in radiotherapy through different strategies. Physical strategies-based oxygen switches carried O into the tumor their high oxygen capacity. The chemical reactions to generate O were triggered by chemical strategies-based oxygen switches. Biological strategies-based oxygen switches regulated tumor metabolism, remodeled tumor vasculature, and even introduced microorganisms-mediated photosynthesis for long-lasting hypoxia alleviating. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives of oxygen switches-mediated oxygen-enrich radiotherapy were discussed.
放射治疗仍然是肿瘤患者的主要治疗手段。然而，缺氧的肿瘤微环境会导致治疗抵抗。最近，有报道称出现了越来越多旨在提高肿瘤内氧浓度的纳米放射增敏剂。这些纳米放射增敏剂可作为氧载体、氧发生器，甚至是持续供氧泵，吸引了越来越多的研究兴趣。在本综述中，我们聚焦于新型富氧纳米放射增敏剂，即我们所称的氧开关，并强调它们通过不同策略在放射治疗中的影响。基于物理策略的氧开关凭借其高氧容量将氧输送到肿瘤中。基于化学策略的氧开关触发产生氧的化学反应。基于生物学策略的氧开关调节肿瘤代谢、重塑肿瘤血管，甚至引入微生物介导的光合作用以实现持久的缺氧缓解。此外，还讨论了氧开关介导的富氧放射治疗面临的挑战和前景。
