Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.
Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.
Semin Immunol. 2023 Mar;66:101738. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101738. Epub 2023 Mar 4.
The human immune system uses an arsenal of effector mechanisms to prevent and counteract infections. Yet, some fungal species are extremely successful as human pathogens, which can be attributed to a wide variety of strategies by which these fungi evade, exploit, and modulate the immune system. These fungal pathogens normally are either harmless commensals or environmental fungi. In this review we discuss how commensalism, but also life in an environmental niche without human contact, can drive the evolution of diverse and specialized immune evasion mechanisms. Correspondingly, we discuss the mechanisms contributing to the ability of these fungi to cause superficial to life-threatening infections.
人体免疫系统利用一系列效应机制来预防和对抗感染。然而，一些真菌物种作为人类病原体却极为成功，这可以归因于这些真菌逃避、利用和调节免疫系统的各种策略。这些真菌病原体通常是无害的共生菌或环境真菌。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了共生关系，以及在没有人类接触的环境小生境中生活，如何推动多样化和专门的免疫逃避机制的进化。相应地，我们讨论了这些真菌导致从浅表感染到危及生命感染的能力的相关机制。
