Kleber H D, Topazian M, Gaspari J, Riordan C E, Kosten T
Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven 06519.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1987;13(1-2):1-17. doi: 10.3109/00952998709001497.
Clonidine hydrochloride (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist) and naltrexone hydrochloride (an opioid antagonist), given in combination, provided a safe and effective treatment of abrupt opioid withdrawal over 5 days in an outpatient/day setting. Before starting the clonidine, a naloxone challenge test was used to verify and quantify opioid dependence, and the naloxone challenge test score was then used to determine initial medication doses. Initial naloxone challenge test scores predicted subsequent patient discomfort during the 5-day clonidine-naltrexone protocol. Twelve of 14 (86%) heroin users successfully withdrew from opioids and simultaneously initiated naltrexone maintenance.
盐酸可乐定（一种α-2肾上腺素能激动剂）和盐酸纳曲酮（一种阿片类拮抗剂）联合使用，在门诊/日间治疗环境中为阿片类药物突然戒断提供了一种安全有效的5天治疗方案。在开始使用可乐定之前，采用纳洛酮激发试验来验证和量化阿片类药物依赖情况，然后根据纳洛酮激发试验分数来确定初始药物剂量。初始纳洛酮激发试验分数可预测在为期5天的可乐定-纳曲酮方案治疗期间患者随后出现的不适情况。14名海洛因使用者中有12名（86%）成功戒除阿片类药物，并同时开始纳曲酮维持治疗。
