United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Horticultural Crops Production and Genetic Improvement Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330.
USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330.
Plant Dis. 2023 Oct;107(10):3014-3025. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-22-2670-RE. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
Temperature is an important environmental variable affecting spp. biology. It alters the ability of species to grow, sporulate, and infect their plant host, and it is also important in mediating pathogen responses to disease control measures. Average global temperatures are increasing as a consequence of climate change, yet there are few studies that compare the effects of temperature on spp. that are important to the nursery industry. To address this, we conducted a series of experiments to evaluate how temperature affects the biology and control of three soilborne spp. prevalent in the nursery industry. In the first set of experiments, we evaluated the mycelial growth and sporulation of several , , and isolates at temperatures ranging from 4 to 42°C for different amounts of time (0 to 120 h). In the second set of experiments, we evaluated the response of three isolates of each species to the fungicides mefenoxam and phosphorous acid at temperatures ranging from 6 to 40°C. Results showed that each species responds differently to temperature, with having the greatest optimal temperature (26.6°C), the least (24.4°C), and was intermediate between the two (25.3°C). and had the lowest minimum temperatures (approximately 2.4°C) compared with (6.5°C), while all three species had a similar maximum temperature (approximately 35°C). When tested against mefenoxam, all three species were generally more sensitive to mefenoxam at cool temperatures (6 to 14°C) than at warmer temperatures (22 to 30°C). was also more sensitive to phosphorous acid at cool temperatures (6 to 14°C). However, both and tended to be more sensitive to phosphorous acid at warmer temperatures (22 to 30°C). These findings help define the temperatures at which these pathogens will be the most damaging and help delineate the temperatures at which fungicides should be applied for maximum efficacy.
温度是影响 spp. 生物学的重要环境变量。它改变了物种生长、产孢和感染其植物宿主的能力，在介导病原体对疾病控制措施的反应方面也很重要。由于气候变化，全球平均气温正在升高，但很少有研究比较温度对苗圃业重要的 spp. 的影响。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了一系列实验，以评估温度如何影响三种在苗圃业中普遍存在的土壤传播 spp. 的生物学和控制。在第一组实验中，我们评估了几种 、 和 分离株在 4 至 42°C 范围内不同时间（0 至 120 小时）的菌丝生长和产孢情况。在第二组实验中，我们评估了三种分离株在 6 至 40°C 范围内对杀菌剂甲霜灵和膦酸的反应。结果表明，每个物种对温度的反应不同，其中 具有最佳温度（26.6°C）最高， （24.4°C）最低， （25.3°C）介于两者之间。 与 （6.5°C）相比， 和 具有最低的最低温度（约 2.4°C），而所有三个物种的最高温度（约 35°C）相似。在对抗甲霜灵时，所有三个物种在较冷的温度（6 至 14°C）下通常对甲霜灵更敏感，而在较温暖的温度（22 至 30°C）下则不太敏感。 在较冷的温度（6 至 14°C）下对膦酸也更敏感。然而， 在较温暖的温度（22 至 30°C）下，对膦酸的敏感性往往更高。这些发现有助于确定这些病原体最具破坏性的温度，并有助于划定应在最高效能下应用杀菌剂的温度。
