Eraky Akram M
Neurological Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Cureus. 2023 Feb 3;15(2):e34593. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34593. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Meningioma is considered the most common primary benign brain tumor. It originates from the arachnoid cells of the leptomeninges surrounding the brain. The mainstay treatment of meningiomas is microsurgical resection. Meningioma prognosis depends on tumor grade, location, and patient age. Recently, using non-coding RNA as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for many tumors became a trend. Herein, we demonstrate the importance of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and lncRNAs in meningioma and their potential role in meningioma's early diagnosis, prognosis, histological grade, and radiosensitivity. In this review, many microRNAs were found to be upregulated in radioresistant meningioma cells such as microRNA-221, microRNA-222, microRNA-4286, microRNA-4695-5p, microRNA-6732-5p, microRNA-6855-5p, microRNA-7977, microRNA-6765-3p, and microRNA-6787-5p. Moreover, there are many microRNAs downregulated in radioresistant meningioma cells such as microRNA-1275, microRNA-30c-1-3p, microRNA-4449, microRNA-4539, microRNA-4684-3p, microRNA-6129, and microRNA-6891-5p. Also, we highlight the possible use of non-coding RNAs as serum non-invasive biomarkers and their potential role as therapeutic targets to treat high-grade meningiomas. Recent studies show that microRNA-497, microRNA-195, microRNA-18a, microRNA-197, and microRNA-224 are downregulated in the serum of patients with meningiomas. Additionally, microRNA-106a-5p, microRNA-219-5p, microRNA-375, and microRNA-409-3p are found to be upregulated in the serum of patients with meningioma. We also found that there are many deregulated microRNAs in meningioma cells that can be used as potential biomarkers for meningioma diagnosis, prognosis, and histopathologic grade, such as microRNA-17-5p, microRNA-199a, microRNA-190a, microRNA-186-5p, microRNA155-5p, microRNA-22-3p, microRNA-24-3p, microRNA-26-5p, microRNA-27a-3p, microRNA-27b-3p, microRNA-96-5p, microRNA-146a-5p, microRNA-29c-3p, microRNA-219-5p, microRNA-335, microRNA-200a, microRNA-21, microRNA-107, microRNA-224, microRNA-195, microRNA-34a-3p, and microRNA-let-7d. Of interest, we found fewer studies discussing deregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in meningioma cells. LncRNAs work as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding to oncogenic or anti-oncogenic microRNAs. We found that lncRNA- NUP210, lncRNA-SPIRE2, lncRNA-SLC7A1, lncRNA-DMTN, lncRNA-LINC00702, and lncRNA-LINC00460 are upregulated in meningioma cells. In contrast, lncRNA-MALAT1 was found to be downregulated in meningioma cells.
脑膜瘤被认为是最常见的原发性良性脑肿瘤。它起源于围绕大脑的软脑膜的蛛网膜细胞。脑膜瘤的主要治疗方法是显微手术切除。脑膜瘤的预后取决于肿瘤分级、位置和患者年龄。最近，使用非编码RNA作为许多肿瘤的预后和诊断生物标志物成为一种趋势。在此，我们证明了非编码RNA，包括微小RNA和长链非编码RNA在脑膜瘤中的重要性及其在脑膜瘤早期诊断、预后、组织学分级和放射敏感性中的潜在作用。在本综述中，发现许多微小RNA在放射抗性脑膜瘤细胞中上调，如微小RNA-221、微小RNA-222、微小RNA-4286、微小RNA-4695-5p、微小RNA-6732-5p、微小RNA-6855-5p、微小RNA-7977、微小RNA-6765-3p和微小RNA-6787-5p。此外，有许多微小RNA在放射抗性脑膜瘤细胞中下调，如微小RNA-1275、微小RNA-30c-1-3p、微小RNA-4449、微小RNA-4539、微小RNA-4684-3p、微小RNA-6129和微小RNA-6891-5p。此外，我们强调了非编码RNA作为血清非侵入性生物标志物的可能用途及其作为治疗高级别脑膜瘤的治疗靶点的潜在作用。最近的研究表明，微小RNA-497、微小RNA-195、微小RNA-18a、微小RNA-197和微小RNA-224在脑膜瘤患者血清中下调。此外，发现微小RNA-106a-5p、微小RNA-219-5p、微小RNA-375和微小RNA-409-3p在脑膜瘤患者血清中上调。我们还发现脑膜瘤细胞中有许多失调的微小RNA可作为脑膜瘤诊断、预后和组织病理学分级的潜在生物标志物，如微小RNA-17-5p、微小RNA-199a、微小RNA-190a、微小RNA-186-5p、微小RNA155-5p、微小RNA-22-3p、微小RNA-24-3p、微小RNA-26-5p、微小RNA-27a-3p、微小RNA-27b-3p、微小RNA-96-5p、微小RNA-146a-5p、微小RNA-29c-3p、微小RNA-219-5p、微小RNA-335、微小RNA-200a、微小RNA-21、微小RNA-107、微小RNA-224、微小RNA-195、微小RNA-34a-3p和微小RNA-let-7d。有趣的是，我们发现讨论脑膜瘤细胞中失调的长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的研究较少。lncRNA通过与致癌或抑癌微小RNA结合发挥竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）的作用。我们发现lncRNA-NUP210、lncRNA-SPIRE2、lncRNA-SLC7A1、lncRNA-DMTN、lncRNA-LINC00702和lncRNA-LINC00460在脑膜瘤细胞中上调。相反，发现lncRNA-MALAT1在脑膜瘤细胞中下调。
