Wünsche J, Meinl M, Hennig U, Borgmann E, Kreienbring F, Bock H D
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Forschungszentrum für Tierproduktion Dummerstorf-Rostock, Bereich Tierernährung Oskar Kellner.
Arch Tierernahr. 1987 Feb;37(2):169-88. doi: 10.1080/17450398709425346.
In addition to a basic ration (barley, dried green fodder, fishmeal) pigs (castrated males, 100 ... 130 kg live weight) received a supplement of raw potato starch, raw ensiled potatoes, cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes; nutrient and amino acid passage and digestibility (absorption) were measured in the small intestine, the upper large intestine and the total digestive tract with the help of simple cannulae at the distal ileum and the middle of the hind gut and the estimation of the HCl insoluble ash as an indicator. In addition, the amounts of bacteria in faeces were determined and the influence of raw and cooked potato starch on N retention was ascertained. When raw potato products were fed, distinctly higher amounts of dry matter, organic matter and starch pass the ileum, which get into the colon undigested, i.e. the digestibility of these substances is low at the end of the ileum (raw potato starch 24%, starch of raw ensiled potatoes 36%). Up to the middle of the colon there is intensive bacterial starch degradation so that in this place the difference between raw and thermically treated potatoes is only small. No matter what the previous treatment of the potatoes was, there is hardly any starch in faeces, i.e. it was nearly 100% digested up to the end of the digestive tract. The passage and digestibility resp. of ash and crude cellulose from the basic ration is not influenced by the supplement of raw or thermically treated potato products in the individual sections of the digestive tract. At the end of the ileum there are no differences between the apparent digestibility of the crude protein and absorption of amino acids of supplemented raw or cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes; after the use of raw ensiled potatoes they are, however, significantly more reduced than the comparison of analyses of faeces shows. In the large intestine the high amount of potato starch stimulates the metabolism and the reproduction of faecal bacteria as is shown by an increase by 20-30% in bacteria N excretion in faeces. Apparent crude protein digestibility and amino acid absorption are diminished by that. The increased N excretion in faeces after the supplement of raw potato starch to the basic ration is-in comparison with the supplement of heated starch-compensated by a commensurately lower N excretion in urine so that N retention practically remains uninfluenced by the supplement of variously treated potato starch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
除了基础日粮（大麦、干青贮饲料、鱼粉）外，猪（去势公猪，体重100……130千克）还分别采食了生马铃薯淀粉、生青贮马铃薯、熟马铃薯淀粉或蒸煮青贮马铃薯；借助于在回肠末端和后肠中部的简单套管，测定了小肠、大肠上段和整个消化道中养分和氨基酸的通过率及消化率（吸收率），并以盐酸不溶性灰分作为指标进行估算。此外，还测定了粪便中的细菌数量，并确定了生熟马铃薯淀粉对氮保留的影响。当饲喂生马铃薯产品时，明显有更多的干物质、有机物和淀粉通过回肠，这些物质未经消化进入结肠，即在回肠末端这些物质的消化率较低（生马铃薯淀粉为24%，生青贮马铃薯淀粉为36%）。到结肠中部，细菌对淀粉的降解作用强烈，因此在这个部位，生马铃薯和热处理马铃薯之间的差异很小。无论马铃薯之前经过何种处理，粪便中几乎没有淀粉，即到消化道末端淀粉几乎被100%消化。基础日粮中灰分和粗纤维素的通过率及消化率不受生或热处理马铃薯产品添加物在消化道各部位的影响。在回肠末端，添加生或熟马铃薯淀粉或蒸煮青贮马铃薯后，粗蛋白的表观消化率和氨基酸吸收率没有差异；然而，在使用生青贮马铃薯后，它们的降低幅度明显大于粪便分析比较所显示的。在大肠中，大量的马铃薯淀粉刺激了粪便细菌的代谢和繁殖，粪便中细菌氮排泄量增加了20 - 30%就表明了这一点。表观粗蛋白消化率和氨基酸吸收率因此而降低。与添加加热淀粉相比，在基础日粮中添加生马铃薯淀粉后粪便中氮排泄量的增加，被尿液中相应减少的氮排泄量所抵消，因此，不同处理的马铃薯淀粉添加物对氮保留实际上没有影响。（摘要截选至400字）
