Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Microbiol Immunol. 2023 May;67(5):228-238. doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.13062. Epub 2023 Mar 26.
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) generate a membrane-enclosed subcellular compartment called magnetosome, which contains a biomineralized magnetite or greigite crystal, an inner membrane-derived lipid bilayer membrane, and a set of specifically targeted associated proteins. Magnetosomes are formed by a group of magnetosome-associated proteins encoded in a genomic region called magnetosome island. Magnetosomes are then arranged in a linear chain-like positioning, and the resulting magnetic dipole of the chain functions as a geomagnetic sensor for magneto-aerotaxis motility. Recent metagenomic analyses of environmental specimens shed light on the sizable phylogenetical diversity of uncultured MTB at the phylum level. These findings have led to a better understanding of the diversity and conservation of magnetosome-associated proteins. This review provides an overview of magnetosomes and magnetosome-associated proteins and introduces recent topics about this fascinating magnetic bacterial organelle.
趋磁细菌（MTB）产生一种膜包裹的细胞内隔室，称为磁小体，其中包含生物矿化的磁铁矿或纤铁矿晶体、内膜衍生的脂质双层膜和一组特定靶向的相关蛋白。磁小体由一组编码在称为磁小体岛的基因组区域中的磁小体相关蛋白形成。然后，磁小体被排列成线性链状定位，链的产生的磁偶极子作为磁趋动运动的地磁场传感器。对环境样本的最近宏基因组分析揭示了未培养的 MTB 在门水平上具有相当大的系统发育多样性。这些发现使人们更好地了解了磁小体相关蛋白的多样性和保护。本综述介绍了磁小体和磁小体相关蛋白，并介绍了这个迷人的磁性细菌细胞器的最新研究课题。
