University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain.
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 10;876:162666. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162666. Epub 2023 Mar 8.
Population growth leads to an increase in the demand for energy, water, and food as cities grow and urbanize. However, the Earth's limited resources are unable to meet these rising demands. Modern farming practices increase productivity, but waste resources and consume too much energy. Agricultural activities occupy 50 % of all habitable land. After a rise of 80 % in 2021, fertilizer prices have increased by nearly 30 % in 2022, representing a significant cost for farmers. Sustainable and organic farming has the potential to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and increase the utilization of organic residues as a nitrogen (N) source for plant nutrition. Agricultural management typically prioritizes nutrient cycling and supply for crop growth, whereas the mineralization of added biomass regulates crop nutrient supply and CO emissions. To reduce overconsumption of natural resources and environmental damage, the current economic model of "take-make-use-dispose" must be replaced by "prevention-reuse-remake-recycle". The circular economy model is promising for preserving natural resources and providing sustainable, restorative, and regenerative farming. Technosols and organic wastes can improve food security, ecosystem services, the availability of arable land, and human health. This study intends to investigate the nitrogen nutrition provided by organic wastes to agricultural systems, reviewing the current state of knowledge and demonstrating how common organic wastes can be utilized to promote sustainable farming management. Nine waste residues were selected to promote sustainability in farming based on circular economy and zero waste criteria. Using standard methods, their water content, organic matter, total organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and ammonium levels were determined, along with their potential to improve soil fertility via N supply and technosol formulation. 10 % to 15 % of organic waste was mineralized and analysed during a six-month cultivation cycle. Through the results, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilization to increase crop yield is recommended, as is the search for realistic and practical methods of dealing with massive amounts of organic residues within the context of a circular economy.
人口增长导致能源、水和食物需求增加，因为城市不断发展和城市化。然而，地球的有限资源无法满足这些不断增长的需求。现代农业实践提高了生产力，但浪费了资源，消耗了太多能源。农业活动占据了所有可居住土地的 50%。2021 年增长 80%后，化肥价格在 2022 年上涨了近 30%，这对农民来说是一笔巨大的成本。可持续和有机农业有可能减少无机肥料的使用，并增加有机残留物作为植物营养氮（N）源的利用。农业管理通常优先考虑养分循环和供应，以促进作物生长，而添加生物质的矿化则调节作物养分供应和 CO 排放。为了减少对自然资源的过度消耗和环境破坏，必须用“预防-再利用-再制造-再循环”取代当前的“开采-制造-使用-处置”经济模式。循环经济模式有望保护自然资源，提供可持续、恢复性和再生性农业。技术溶胶和有机废物可以提高粮食安全、生态系统服务、可耕地的可用性和人类健康。本研究旨在探讨有机废物向农业系统提供的氮营养，回顾当前的知识状况，并展示如何利用常见的有机废物来促进可持续的农业管理。根据循环经济和零废物标准，选择了九种废物残渣来促进农业的可持续性。使用标准方法，测定了它们的含水量、有机质、总有机碳、凯氏氮和铵水平，以及它们通过 N 供应和技术溶胶配方提高土壤肥力的潜力。在六个月的种植周期中，10%到 15%的有机废物被矿化并进行了分析。通过结果，建议采用有机和无机肥料相结合的方法来提高作物产量，并寻找在循环经济背景下处理大量有机残渣的现实和实用方法。
