He Wenjie, Zhao Hongyan, Cheng Jing, Liu Yang, He Kebin, Zhang Qiang
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 1;875:162659. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162659. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Trade plays an important role in driving regional production and the associated pollutant emissions. Revealing the patterns and underlying driving forces of trade may be critical for informing future mitigation actions among regions and sectors. In this study, we focused on the "Clean Air Action" period from 2012 to 2017 and revealed the changes and driving forces in trade-related air pollutant emissions (including sulfur dioxide (SO), particulate matter with a diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO), volatile organic compound (VOC), and carbon dioxide (CO)) among regions and sectors in China. Our results showed that emissions embodied in domestic trade decreased considerably in absolute volume nationwide (23-61 %, except for VOC and CO), but the relative contribution ratios from consumption in central and southwestern China increased (from 13 to 23 % to 15-25 % for various species), and those for eastern China decreased (from 39 to 45 % to 33-41 % for various species). From the sector perspective, trade-driven emissions from the power sector decreased in relative contribution ratios, while those from other sectors (including chemical, metal, nonmetal and services) were outstanding for specific regions, and became new targeted sectors when seeking mitigation through domestic supply chains. For changes in trade-related emissions, reduction in emission factor dominated the decreasing trends for almost all regions (27-64 % for the national total, except for VOC and CO), and optimization in trade and/or energy structures also played marked reduction roles in specific regions, far offsetting the increasing effect of increasing trade volume (26-32 %, except for VOC and CO). Our study provides a comprehensive picture of how trade-associated pollutant emissions changed during the "Clean Air Action" period, which may facilitate the formulation of more effective trade-associated policies to mitigate future emissions.
贸易在推动区域生产及相关污染物排放方面发挥着重要作用。揭示贸易模式及其潜在驱动力对于指导未来区域和部门间的减排行动可能至关重要。在本研究中，我们聚焦于2012年至2017年的“清洁空气行动”时期，揭示了中国各区域和部门间与贸易相关的空气污染物排放（包括二氧化硫（SO）、直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM）、氮氧化物（NO）、挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和二氧化碳（CO））的变化及驱动力。我们的结果表明，国内贸易中的隐含排放量在全国范围内绝对量大幅下降（除VOC和CO外，下降了23% - 61%），但中国中部和西南部地区消费的相对贡献率上升（各类污染物从13% - 23%升至15% - 25%），而东部地区的相对贡献率下降（各类污染物从39% - 45%降至33% - 41%）。从行业角度来看，电力部门贸易驱动的排放相对贡献率下降，而其他行业（包括化工、金属、非金属和服务业）在特定区域表现突出，成为通过国内供应链寻求减排时的新目标行业。对于与贸易相关的排放变化，排放因子的降低主导了几乎所有地区的下降趋势（全国总量下降27% - 64%，除VOC和CO外），贸易和/或能源结构的优化在特定区域也发挥了显著的减排作用，远远抵消了贸易量增加带来的增长影响（除VOC和CO外，增长26% - 32%）。我们的研究全面呈现了“清洁空气行动”期间与贸易相关的污染物排放如何变化，这可能有助于制定更有效的与贸易相关政策以减少未来排放。
