Okubo Hitomi, Nakayama Shoji F
Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan.
Environ Res. 2023 May 15;225:115649. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115649. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Diets contain toxic chemical contaminants as well as essential nutrients, both of which influence the intrauterine environment for foetal growth. However, whether a high-quality diet that is nutritionally healthy also results in lower exposure to chemical contaminants is unknown.
We examined associations between periconceptional maternal diet quality and circulating concentrations of heavy metals during pregnancy.
Dietary intake over the year prior to the first trimester of pregnancy was assessed using a validated, self-administered food frequency questionnaire among 81,104 pregnant Japanese women who participated in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Overall diet quality was determined using the Balanced Diet Score (BDS) based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and the Mediterranean diet score (MDS). We measured whole-blood concentrations of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
After controlling for confounders, all diet quality scores were positively associated with blood Hg concentrations. By contrast, higher BDS, HEI-2015 and DASH scores were associated with lower concentrations of Pb and Cd. Although the MDS was positively associated with concentrations of Pb and Cd, when dairy products were classified as a beneficial (rather than detrimental) food component, these associations were attenuated.
A high-quality diet may reduce exposure to Pb and Cd but not Hg. Further studies are required to determine the optimal balance between mercury exposure risk and nutritional benefits of high-quality diets prior to pregnancy.
饮食中既含有有毒化学污染物，也含有必需营养素，两者都会影响胎儿生长的子宫内环境。然而，营养健康的高质量饮食是否也会降低化学污染物的暴露尚不清楚。
我们研究了孕前母亲饮食质量与孕期重金属循环浓度之间的关联。
在参与日本环境与儿童研究的81104名日本孕妇中，使用经过验证的自填式食物频率问卷评估怀孕前三个月前一年的饮食摄入量。总体饮食质量根据基于日本食物指南陀螺的均衡饮食评分（BDS）、2015年健康饮食指数（HEI-2015）、终止高血压饮食方法（DASH）评分和地中海饮食评分（MDS）来确定。我们在怀孕第二或第三个月测量了全血中的汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）浓度。
在控制混杂因素后，所有饮食质量评分均与血汞浓度呈正相关。相比之下，较高的BDS、HEI-2015和DASH评分与较低的铅和镉浓度相关。尽管MDS与铅和镉的浓度呈正相关，但当将乳制品归类为有益（而非有害）食物成分时，这些关联减弱。
高质量饮食可能会减少铅和镉的暴露，但不会减少汞的暴露。需要进一步研究以确定孕前汞暴露风险与高质量饮食营养益处之间的最佳平衡。
